Inscription line

Xerxes I, Persepolis (XPj)

XPj · 1

Contains editorial restoration

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐏋𐎹𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐏍𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎢𐎷𐎡[𐎹]𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐏃𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏋𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎨𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶
Transliteration: a-d-m : x-š-y-a-r-š-a : XŠ : v-z-r-k : XŠ : XŠ-y-a-n-a-m : XŠ : DH-y-u-n-a-m : XŠ : a-h-y-a-y-a : b-u-mi-i-[y]-a : d-a-r-y-v-h-u-š : XŠ-y-h-y-a : p-u-ç : h-x-a-m-n-i-š-i-y : ϑ-a-t-i-y : x-š-y-a-r-š-a : XŠ : i-m-m : t-c-r-m : a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m
Transcription: adam : Xšayāršā : XŠ : vazraka : XŠ : XŠyanām : XŠ : DHyunām : XŠ : ahyāyā : būmiyā : Dārayavahauš : XŠyahyā : puça : Haxāmanišiya : ϑātiy : Xšayāršā : XŠ : imam : tacaram : adam : akunavam
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 1

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 1:05

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

I · Xerxes I, king of Persia · king · great · king · king · king · land · king · this (here) · earth · Darius I, king of Persia · king · son · Achaemenid · say · Xerxes I, king of Persia · king · this (here) · palace · I · do

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 1
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐎠𐎭𐎶a-d-m	adam	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for adam; English gloss: I. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
2	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
3	𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠x-š-y-a-r-š-a	Xšayaṛsan	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Xšayaṛšā; English gloss: Xerxes I, king of Persia. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
4	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
5	𐏋XŠ	xšāyaθiya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšāyaθiya; English gloss: king. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
6	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
7	𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣v-z-r-k	vazṛka-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for vazṛka; English gloss: great. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
8	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
9	𐏋XŠ	xšāyaθiya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšāyaθiya; English gloss: king. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
10	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
11	𐏋𐎹𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶XŠ-y-a-n-a-m	xšāyaθiya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšāyaθiya; English gloss: king. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
12	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
13	𐏋XŠ	xšāyaθiya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšāyaθiya; English gloss: king. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
14	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
15	𐏍𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠𐎶DH-y-u-n-a-m	dahyu-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for dahyunām; English gloss: land. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
16	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
17	𐏋XŠ	xšāyaθiya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšāyaθiya; English gloss: king. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
18	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
19	𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎹𐎠a-h-y-a-y-a	a	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for ahyāyā; English gloss: this (here). · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
20	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
21	𐎲𐎢𐎷𐎡[𐎹]𐎠b-u-mi-i-[y]-a	būmī-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for būmiyā; English gloss: earth. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
22	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
23	𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐏃𐎢𐏁d-a-r-y-v-h-u-š	Dārayava.u-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Dārayavahau̯š; English gloss: Darius I, king of Persia. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
24	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
25	𐏋𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠XŠ-y-h-y-a	xšāyaθiya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšāyaθiya; English gloss: king. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
26	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
27	𐎱𐎢𐏂p-u-ç	puça-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for puça; English gloss: son. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
28	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
29	𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹h-x-a-m-n-i-š-i-y	Haxāmanišiya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Haxāmanišiya; English gloss: Achaemenid. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
30	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
31	𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹ϑ-a-t-i-y	θa	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for θāti; English gloss: say. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
32	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
33	𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠x-š-y-a-r-š-a	Xšayaṛsan	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Xšayaṛšā; English gloss: Xerxes I, king of Persia. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
34	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
35	𐏋XŠ	xšāyaθiya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšāyaθiya; English gloss: king. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
36	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
37	𐎡𐎶𐎶i-m-m	i-/ima-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for imam; English gloss: this (here). · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
38	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
39	𐎫𐎨𐎼𐎶t-c-r-m	tacara-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for tacaram; English gloss: palace. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
40	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
41	𐎠𐎭𐎶a-d-m	adam	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for adam; English gloss: I. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
42	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
43	𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶a-ku-u-n-v-m	kar	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for akunavam; English gloss: do. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

XPj 1

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

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TITUS Old Persian corpus

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