Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠
Attested in Old Persian

Xerxes I, king of Persia

Lemma
Xšayaṛsan
Transliteration
x-š-y-a-r-š-a
Transcription
Xšayaṛšā

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Xšayaṛšā; English gloss: Xerxes I, king of Persia.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎧 xa Phonogram
  2. 𐏁 ša Phonogram
  3. 𐎹 ya Phonogram
  4. 𐎠 a Phonogram
  5. 𐎼 ra Phonogram
  6. 𐏁 ša Phonogram
  7. 𐎠 a Phonogram
Image records

Inscription gallery

1 images
Inscriptional image associated with XPeCreator: Marco PrinsInscription identifier: XPeImage source · CC0Modification note: No content modification reported.
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

47 occurrences
XPa · 6100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐

: a-d-m : x-š-y-a-r-š-a : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : v-z-r-k :Token span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPa · 11100% confidence

𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐

: ϑ-a-t-i-y : x-š-y-a-r-š-a : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : v-š-n-a :Token span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPa · 17100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐

: a-ku-u-m-a : ϑ-a-t-i-y : x-š-y-a-r-š-a :Token span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPb · 11100% confidence

𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎧/𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠

: f-r-m-a-t-a-r-m : a-d-m : x-/š-y-a-r-š-aToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPb · 21100% confidence

𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧/𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠

: ϑ-a-t-i-y : x-/š-y-a-r-š-aToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPc · 6100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐏋𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐

: a-d-m : x-š-y-a-r-š-a : XŠ : v-z-r-k : XŠ : XŠ-a-n-a-m : XŠ :Token span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPc · 9100% confidence

𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧/𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠

: XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : h-x-a-m-n-i-š-i-y : ϑ-a-t-i-y : x-/š-y-a-r-š-aToken span 10–10 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPd · 8100% confidence

𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁/𐎠

: f-r-m-a-t-a-r-m : a-d-m : x-š-y-a-r-š-/aToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPd · 15100% confidence

𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺/𐏀𐎼𐎣

ϑ-a-t-i-y : x-š-y-a-r-š-a : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : v-/z-r-kToken span 3–3 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPe · 1100% confidence

𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼/𐎣

x-š-y-a-r-š-a : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : v-z-r-/kToken span 1–1 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPf · 8100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠/𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹

: a-d-m : x-š-y-a-r-š-a : x-š-a-/y-ϑ-i-yToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPf · 15100% confidence

𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐

: ϑ-a-t-i-y : x-š-y-a-r-š-a :Token span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XEa (Q007205) · Q007205.12.4

Documented dictionary attestation in XEa (Q007205), Q007205.12.4.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XFa (Q007206) · Q007206.1.1

Documented dictionary attestation in XFa (Q007206), Q007206.1.1.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPa (Q007209) · Q007209.6.5

Documented dictionary attestation in XPa (Q007209), Q007209.6.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPb (Q007210) · Q007210.11.6

Documented dictionary attestation in XPb (Q007210), Q007210.11.6.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPc (Q007211) · Q007211.6.4

Documented dictionary attestation in XPc (Q007211), Q007211.6.4.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPd (Q007212) · Q007212.8.7

Documented dictionary attestation in XPd (Q007212), Q007212.8.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPe (Q007213) · Q007213.1.1

Documented dictionary attestation in XPe (Q007213), Q007213.1.1.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPf (Q007214) · Q007214.8.5

Documented dictionary attestation in XPf (Q007214), Q007214.8.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPg (Q007215) · Q007215.1.3

Documented dictionary attestation in XPg (Q007215), Q007215.1.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPh (Q007216) · Q007216.7.3

Documented dictionary attestation in XPh (Q007216), Q007216.7.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPj (Q007218) · Q007218.1.3

Documented dictionary attestation in XPj (Q007218), Q007218.1.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPk (Q007219) · Q007219.1.1

Documented dictionary attestation in XPk (Q007219), Q007219.1.1.View source