Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶
Attested in Old Persian

do

Lemma
kar
Transliteration
a-ku-u-n-v-m
Transcription
akunavam

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Haman-Ava rights

Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for akunavam; English gloss: do.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎠 a Phonogram
  2. 𐎤 ku Phonogram
  3. 𐎢 u Phonogram
  4. 𐎴 na Phonogram
  5. 𐎺 va Phonogram
  6. 𐎶 ma Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

86 occurrences
DB1. · 62100% confidence

𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎠𐎲𐎼𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎱𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶𐏁𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎥𐎠𐎰/𐎺𐎠

: p-r-a-b-r-t-m : a-h : a-v : a-d-m : p-t-i-p-d-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : a-d-m-š-i-m : g-a-ϑ-/v-aToken span 12–12 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB1. · 63100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎹𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺𐎶𐎨𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎹𐎭𐎴/𐎠

: a-v-a-s-t-a-y-m : y-ϑ-a : p-ru-u-v-m-c-i-y : a-v-ϑ-a : a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : a-y-d-n-/aToken span 12–12 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB1. · 68100% confidence

𐏐 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎲𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎶𐎫𐎧(𐏁)[𐎡𐎹 𐏐]

: p-t-i-y-a-b-r-m : v-š-n-a : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-h : i-m : a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : a-d-m : h-m-t-x-(š)-[i-y :]Token span 12–12 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB1. · 72100% confidence

𐏐 𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎹𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎺𐎶 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹

: i-m : t-y : a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : p-s-a-v : y-ϑ-a : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : a-b-v-m !! : ϑ-a-t-i-yToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB1. · 87100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎴𐎡𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎿𐎶 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎴𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼(𐎶𐏀)𐎭𐎠𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐎱𐎿(𐎫)𐎠𐎶

: a-ku-u-n-v-m : a-n-i-y-h-y-a : a-s-m : f-r-a-n-y-m : a-u-r-(m-z)-d-a-m-i-y : u-p-s-(t)-a-mToken span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 20100% confidence

𐏐 𐎲𐎭𐎣 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎰𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠𐏁[𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎰]𐏃𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎡𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣/𐎠𐎼𐎶

: b-d-k : a-v-m-š-a-m : m-ϑ-i-š-t-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : a-v-ϑ-a-š-[a-m : a-ϑ]-h-m : p-r-i-t-a : a-v-m : k-/a-r-mToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 76100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎡𐎴 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺𐏁𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎥𐎶𐎫𐎠𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐏀𐎶𐎹𐎠𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶

: a-v-i-n : p-s-a-v-š-i-m : h-g-m-t-a-n-i-y : u-z-m-y-a-p-t-i-y : a-ku-u-n-v-mToken span 10–10 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 83100% confidence

𐏐 𐎶𐎰𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 [𐎠]𐎺𐎰𐎠𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐏃𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎡𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎣/𐎠𐎼𐎶

: m-ϑ-i-š-t-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : [a]-v-ϑ-a-š-a-m : a-ϑ-h-m : p-r-i-t-a : k-/a-r-mToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 91100% confidence

𐎢𐏀𐎶𐎹𐎠𐎱𐎫𐎡[𐎹 𐏐] 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎶/𐎴𐎠

u-z-m-y-a-p-t-i-[y :] a-ku-u-n-v-m !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : i-m : t-y : m-/n-aToken span 3–3 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB3. · 31100% confidence

𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎭𐎣 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎰𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢/𐎴𐎺𐎶

: n-a-m : p-a-r-s : m-n-a : b-d-k : a-v-m-š-a-m : m-ϑ-i-š-t-m : a-ku-u-/n-v-mToken span 14–14 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB3. · 52100% confidence

𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎭𐏁𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎢𐏀𐎶𐎹𐎠𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠/𐎫𐎡𐎹

: p-a-r-s-i-y : a-v-d-š-i-š : u-z-m-y-a-p-t-i-y : a-ku-u-n-v-m !! : ϑ-a-/t-i-yToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB3. · 85100% confidence

𐏐 𐎲𐎭𐎣 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎰𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐏃𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎼[𐎡𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺]𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶

: b-d-k : a-v-m-š-a-m : m-ϑ-i-š-t-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : a-v-ϑ-a-š-a-m : a-ϑ-h-m : p-r-[i-t-a : a-v]-m : k-a-r-mToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

AsHa (Q007130) · Q007130.8.3

Documented dictionary attestation in AsHa (Q007130), Q007130.8.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.118.9

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.118.9.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DEa (Q007146) · Q007146.8.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DEa (Q007146), Q007146.8.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DGa (Q007147) · Q007147.6.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DGa (Q007147), Q007147.6.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DMa (Q007150) · Q007150.4.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DMa (Q007150), Q007150.4.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DNa (Q007152) · Q007152.20.11

Documented dictionary attestation in DNa (Q007152), Q007152.20.11.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DNb (Q007153) · Q007153.11.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DNb (Q007153), Q007153.11.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DPa (Q007157) · Q007157.6.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DPa (Q007157), Q007157.6.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DPc (Q007159) · Q007159.1.11

Documented dictionary attestation in DPc (Q007159), Q007159.1.11.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DPi (Q007165) · Q007165.1.11

Documented dictionary attestation in DPi (Q007165), Q007165.1.11.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSa (Q007167) · Q007167.4.10

Documented dictionary attestation in DSa (Q007167), Q007167.4.10.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSd (Q007170) · Q007170.3.16

Documented dictionary attestation in DSd (Q007170), Q007170.3.16.View source