Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB3.)

DB3. · 31

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎭𐎣 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎰𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢/𐎴𐎺𐎶
Transliteration: : n-a-m : p-a-r-s : m-n-a : b-d-k : a-v-m-š-a-m : m-ϑ-i-š-t-m : a-ku-u-/n-v-m
Transcription: : nāma : Pārsa : manā : badaka : avamšām : maϑištam : akunavam
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 31

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:05

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

name · Persia; Persian · me, mine · vassal · that one · greatest · do

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 31
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎴𐎠𐎶n-a-m	nāman-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nāma; English gloss: name. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿p-a-r-s	Pārsa-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Pārsa; English gloss: Persia; Persian. · Needs human review Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐎶𐎴𐎠m-n-a	ma-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for manā; English gloss: me, mine. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎲𐎭𐎣b-d-k	bandaka-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for bandaka; English gloss: vassal. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐎠𐎺𐎶𐏁𐎠𐎶a-v-m-š-a-m	hau̯/ava-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for avamšām; English gloss: that one. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
12	𐎶𐎰𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎶m-ϑ-i-š-t-m	maθišta-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for maθištam; English gloss: greatest. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
14	𐎠𐎤𐎢/𐎴𐎺𐎶a-ku-u-/n-v-m	kar	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for akunavam; English gloss: do. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB3. 31

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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