Inscription line

Darius I, Susa (DSab)

DSab · 4

Contains editorial restoration

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠(𐎼)[𐎹𐎺]𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠[𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎠](𐎶) 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎫𐎶 𐏐
Transliteration: p-u-ç : h-x-a-m-n-i-š-i-y : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-(r)-[y-v]-u-š : x-š-a-[y-ϑ-i-y : m-a]-(m) : a-u-r-m-z-d-a : p-a-tu-u-v : u-t-a : t-y-m-i-y : k-r-t-m :
Transcription: puça : Haxāmanišiya : ϑātiy : Dārayavauš : xšāyaϑiya : mām : Auramazdā : pātuv : utā : tyamaiy : kartam :
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 4

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:13

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

son · Achaemenid · say · Darius · king · me, mine · Ahuramazdā · protect · and · who · do

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 4
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐎱𐎢𐏂p-u-ç	puça-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for puça; English gloss: son. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
2	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
3	𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹h-x-a-m-n-i-š-i-y	Haxāmanišiya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Haxāmanišiya; English gloss: Achaemenid. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
4	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
5	𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹ϑ-a-t-i-y	θa	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for θāti; English gloss: say. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
6	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
7	𐎭𐎠(𐎼)[𐎹𐎺]𐎢𐏁d-a-(r)-[y-v]-u-š	Dārayavahu-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Dārayavauš; English gloss: Darius. · Needs human review Machine-generated and unreviewed
8	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
9	𐎧𐏁𐎠[𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹x-š-a-[y-ϑ-i-y	xšāyaθiya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšāyaθiya; English gloss: king. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
10	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
11	𐎶𐎠](𐎶)m-a]-(m)	ma-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for mām; English gloss: me, mine. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
12	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
13	𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠a-u-r-m-z-d-a	A.uramazdā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for A.uramazdā; English gloss: Ahuramazdā. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
14	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
15	𐎱𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺p-a-tu-u-v	pā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for pātu; English gloss: protect. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
16	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
17	𐎢𐎫𐎠u-t-a	utā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā; English gloss: and. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
18	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
19	𐎫𐎹𐎶𐎡𐎹t-y-m-i-y	haya/taya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for tayamai̯; English gloss: who. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
20	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
21	𐎣𐎼𐎫𐎶k-r-t-m	kar	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for kṛtam; English gloss: do. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
22	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DSab 4

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

TITUS Old Persian corpus

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