Inscription line

Darius I, Susa (DSab)

DSab · 3

Contains editorial restoration

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡[𐎹𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶] 𐏐 𐎧(𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡)[𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠𐎶] 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎢𐎶𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐
Transliteration: x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : v-z-r-k : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-[y-a-n-a-m] : x-(š-a-y-ϑ-i)-[y : d-h-y-u-n-a-m] : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : a-h-y-a-y-a : b-u-m-i-y-a : v-z-r-k-a-y-a : vi-i-š-t-a-s-p-h-y-a :
Transcription: xšāyaϑiya : vazraka : xšāyaϑiya : xšāyaϑiyānām : xšāyaϑiya : dahyūnām : xšāyaϑiya : ahyāyā : būmiyā : vazrakāyā : Vištāspahyā :
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 3

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:15

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

king · great · king · king · king · land · king · this (here) · earth · great · Hystaspes, father of Darius I

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 3
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y	xšāyaθiya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšāyaθiya; English gloss: king. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
2	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
3	𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣v-z-r-k	vazṛka-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for vazṛka; English gloss: great. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
4	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
5	𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y	xšāyaθiya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšāyaθiya; English gloss: king. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
6	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
7	𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡[𐎹𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶]x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-[y-a-n-a-m]	xšāyaθiya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšāyaθiyānām; English gloss: king. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
8	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
9	𐎧(𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡)[𐎹x-(š-a-y-ϑ-i)-[y	xšāyaθiya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšāyaθiya; English gloss: king. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
10	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
11	𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠𐎶]d-h-y-u-n-a-m]	dahyu-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for dahyunām; English gloss: land. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
12	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
13	𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y	xšāyaθiya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšāyaθiya; English gloss: king. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
14	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
15	𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎹𐎠a-h-y-a-y-a	a	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for ahyāyā; English gloss: this (here). · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
16	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
17	𐎲𐎢𐎶𐎡𐎹𐎠b-u-m-i-y-a	būmī-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for būmiyā; English gloss: earth. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
18	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
19	𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎹𐎠v-z-r-k-a-y-a	vazṛka-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for vazṛkāyā; English gloss: great. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
20	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
21	𐎻𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱𐏃𐎹𐎠vi-i-š-t-a-s-p-h-y-a	Vištāspa	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Vištāspahyā; English gloss: Hystaspes, father of Darius I. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
22	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DSab 3

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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