Inscription line

Darius I, Susa (DSab)

DSab · 2

Contains editorial restoration

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹𐏁{𐎠}𐎫𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎨𐎼𐎫𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎸𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐏃𐎹𐎼𐎠𐎮𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎹𐏁𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎱𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎺𐎡𐎴𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐏃𐎹(𐎠) [𐏐 𐎠𐏀𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎺𐎠]𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 𐏐 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎸𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐
Transliteration: t-y-m : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : n-i-y-š-{a}-t-a-y : c-r-t-n-i-y : mu-u-d-r-a-y-i-y : a-v-h-y-r-a-di-i-y : h-y-š-i-m : a-p-r-m : v-i-n-a-t-i-y : a-v-h-y-(a) [: a-z-d-a : b-v-a]-t-i-y : t-y : p-a-r-s : m-r-t-i-y : mu-u-d-r-a-y-m : a-d-a-r-i-y : a-d-m : d-a-r-y-v-u-š :
Transcription: tyam : Dārayavauš : xšāyaϑiya : niyaštāya : cartanaiy : Mudrāyaiy : avahyarādiy : hayašim : aparam : vainātaiy : avahyā : azdā : bavātiy : tya : Pārsa : martiya : Mudrāyam : adāraiya : adam : Dārayavauš :
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 2

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:24

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

who · Darius · king · order · do · Egypt · that one · who · later · see · that one · known · be, become · so that · Persia; Persian · man · Egypt · hold · I · Darius

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, [𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 2
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐎫𐎹𐎶t-y-m	haya/taya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for tayam; English gloss: who. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
2	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
3	𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁d-a-r-y-v-u-š	Dārayavahu-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Dārayavauš; English gloss: Darius. · Needs human review Machine-generated and unreviewed
4	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
5	𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y	xšāyaθiya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšāyaθiya; English gloss: king. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
6	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
7	𐎴𐎡𐎹𐏁{𐎠}𐎫𐎠𐎹n-i-y-š-{a}-t-a-y	ni-stā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for niyaštāya; English gloss: order. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
8	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
9	𐎨𐎼𐎫𐎴𐎡𐎹c-r-t-n-i-y	kar	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for akunavam; English gloss: do. · Needs human review Machine-generated and unreviewed
10	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
11	𐎸𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹𐎡𐎹mu-u-d-r-a-y-i-y	Mudrāya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Mudrāyai̯; English gloss: Egypt. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
12	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
13	𐎠𐎺𐏃𐎹𐎼𐎠𐎮𐎡𐎹a-v-h-y-r-a-di-i-y	hau̯/ava-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for avahyarādī; English gloss: that one. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
14	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
15	𐏃𐎹𐏁𐎡𐎶h-y-š-i-m	haya/taya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hayašim; English gloss: who. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
16	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
17	𐎠𐎱𐎼𐎶a-p-r-m	aparam	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for aparam; English gloss: later. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
18	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
19	𐎺𐎡𐎴𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹v-i-n-a-t-i-y	vai̯n	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for vai̯nāti; English gloss: see. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
20	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
21	𐎠𐎺𐏃𐎹(𐎠)a-v-h-y-(a) [	hau̯/ava-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for avahyā; English gloss: that one. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
22	[𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
23	𐎠𐏀𐎭𐎠a-z-d-a	azdā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for azdā; English gloss: known. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
24	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
25	𐎲𐎺𐎠]𐎫𐎡𐎹b-v-a]-t-i-y	bav	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for bavāti; English gloss: be, become. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
26	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
27	𐎫𐎹t-y	taya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for taya; English gloss: so that. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
28	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
29	𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿p-a-r-s	Pārsa-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Pārsa; English gloss: Persia; Persian. · Needs human review Machine-generated and unreviewed
30	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
31	𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹m-r-t-i-y	martiya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for martiya; English gloss: man. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
32	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
33	𐎸𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹𐎶mu-u-d-r-a-y-m	Mudrāya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Mudrāyam; English gloss: Egypt. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
34	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
35	𐎠𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹a-d-a-r-i-y	dar	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for adāraya; English gloss: hold. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
36	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
37	𐎠𐎭𐎶a-d-m	adam	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for adam; English gloss: I. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
38	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
39	𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁d-a-r-y-v-u-š	Dārayavahu-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Dārayavauš; English gloss: Darius. · Needs human review Machine-generated and unreviewed
40	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DSab 2

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

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