Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB2.)

DB2. · 81

Contains editorial restoration

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎢𐎺𐎧𐏁𐎫𐎼[𐏃𐎹]𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎢𐎶𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿𐎶 𐏐 𐎢𐎫/𐎠
Transliteration: : u-v-x-š-t-r-[h-y]-a : t-u-m-a-y-a : p-s-a-v : a-d-m : k-a-r-m : p-a-r-s-m : u-t-/a
Transcription: : Uvaxštrahyā : taumāyā : pasāva : adam : kāram : Pārsam : utā
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 81

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:09

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

Cyaxares, king of the Medes · family · after · I · people · Persia · and

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 81
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎢𐎺𐎧𐏁𐎫𐎼[𐏃𐎹]𐎠u-v-x-š-t-r-[h-y]-a	Uvaxštra	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Uvaxštrahyā; English gloss: Cyaxares, king of the Medes. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎫𐎢𐎶𐎠𐎹𐎠t-u-m-a-y-a	tau̯mā-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for tau̯māyā; English gloss: family. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺p-s-a-v	pasāva	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for pasāva; English gloss: after. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎠𐎭𐎶a-d-m	adam	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for adam; English gloss: I. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶k-a-r-m	kāra-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for kāram; English gloss: people. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
12	𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿𐎶p-a-r-s-m	Pārsa	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Pārsam; English gloss: Persia. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
14	𐎢𐎫/𐎠u-t-/a	utā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā; English gloss: and. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB2. 81

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

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TITUS Old Persian corpus

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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