Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB2.)

DB2. · 82

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎡𐏁𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎧𐎶𐎿𐎱𐎠𐎭 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎭 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎭𐎣 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶/𐏁𐎠𐎶
Transliteration: : m-a-d-m : f-r-a-i-š-y-m : t-x-m-s-p-a-d : n-a-m : m-a-d : m-n-a : b-d-k : a-v-m-/š-a-m
Transcription: : Mādam : frāišayam : Taxmaspāda : nāma : Māda : manā : badaka : avamšām
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 82

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:06

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

Media · send · general of Darius I · name · Mede · me, mine · vassal · that one

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 82
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎶𐎠𐎭𐎶m-a-d-m	Māda	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Mādam; English gloss: Media. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎡𐏁𐎹𐎶f-r-a-i-š-y-m	ai̯š	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for frāi̯šayam; English gloss: send. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐎫𐎧𐎶𐎿𐎱𐎠𐎭t-x-m-s-p-a-d	Taxmaspāda	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Taxmaspāda; English gloss: general of Darius I. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎴𐎠𐎶n-a-m	nāman-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nāma; English gloss: name. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐎶𐎠𐎭m-a-d	Māda	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Māda; English gloss: Mede. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
12	𐎶𐎴𐎠m-n-a	ma-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for manā; English gloss: me, mine. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
14	𐎲𐎭𐎣b-d-k	bandaka-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for bandaka; English gloss: vassal. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
15	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
16	𐎠𐎺𐎶/𐏁𐎠𐎶a-v-m-/š-a-m	hau̯/ava-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for avamšām; English gloss: that one. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB2. 82

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

TITUS Old Persian corpus

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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