Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB2.)

DB2. · 80

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐎠𐎲𐎺 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎷𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎿𐎥𐎼𐎫/𐎡𐎹
Transliteration: a-b-v : k-a-r-h-y-a : a-v-ϑ-a : a-ϑ-h : a-d-m : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : a-mi-i-y : a-s-g-r-t-/i-y
Transcription: abava : kārahyā : avaϑā : aϑaha : adam : xšāyaϑiya : amiy : Asagartaiy
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 80

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:06

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

be, become · people · so · speak · I · king · be · Sagartian

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 80
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐎠𐎲𐎺a-b-v	bav	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for abava; English gloss: be, become. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
2	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
3	𐎣𐎠𐎼𐏃𐎹𐎠k-a-r-h-y-a	kāra-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for kārahyā; English gloss: people. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
4	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
5	𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠a-v-ϑ-a	avaθā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for avaθā; English gloss: so. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
6	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
7	𐎠𐎰𐏃a-ϑ-h	θanh	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for aθanha; English gloss: speak. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
8	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
9	𐎠𐎭𐎶a-d-m	adam	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for adam; English gloss: I. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
10	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
11	𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y	xšāyaθiya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšāyaθiya; English gloss: king. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
12	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
13	𐎠𐎷𐎡𐎹a-mi-i-y	ah	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for ami; English gloss: be. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
14	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
15	𐎠𐎿𐎥𐎼𐎫/𐎡𐎹a-s-g-r-t-/i-y	Asagartiya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Asagartai̯; English gloss: Sagartian. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB2. 80

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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