Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶
Attested in Old Persian

people

Lemma
kāra-
Transliteration
k-a-r-m
Transcription
kāram

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for kāram; English gloss: people.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎣 ka Phonogram
  2. 𐎠 a Phonogram
  3. 𐎼 ra Phonogram
  4. 𐎶 ma Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

39 occurrences
DB1. · 51100% confidence

𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎩𐎴𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎲𐎼𐎮𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎠𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐏃𐎹𐎼/𐎠𐎮𐎡𐎹

: k-a-r-m : v-s-i-y : a-v-a-j-n-i-y-a : h-y : p-r-n-m : b-r-di-i-y-m : a-d-a-n-a : a-v-h-y-r-/a-di-i-yToken span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB1. · 52100% confidence

𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎩𐎴𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎹𐎶𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎴𐎠𐎿𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎲𐎼𐎮/𐎡𐎹

: k-a-r-m : a-v-a-j-n-i-y-a : m-a-t-y-m-a-m : x-š-n-a-s-a-t-i-y : t-y : a-d-m : n-i-y : b-r-di-/i-yToken span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB1. · 66100% confidence

𐎶𐎦𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎠𐎮𐎡𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎥𐎠𐎰𐎺𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿𐎶(𐎨)𐎠 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎭𐎶[𐎨]/𐎠

m-gu-u-š : a-di-i-n-a : a-d-m : k-a-r-m : g-a-ϑ-v-a : a-v-a-s-t-a-y-m : p-a-r-s-m-(c)-a : m-a-d-m-[c]-/aToken span 7–7 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB1. · 78100% confidence

𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎢𐎭𐎱𐎫𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎼𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎯𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎪𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎴𐎲/𐎢𐎤𐎭𐎼𐎨𐎼

: p-u-ç : h-u-v : u-d-p-t-t-a : b-a-b-i-r-u-v : k-a-r-m : a-v-ϑ-a : a-du-u-ru-u-ji-i-y : a-d-m : n-b-/u-ku-d-r-c-rToken span 10–10 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB1. · 86100% confidence

𐎠𐎲𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎻𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐏁𐎣𐎠𐎢𐎺𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎣𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎴𐎡𐎹𐎶𐏐 𐎢𐏁/𐎲𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎶

a-b-i-š : n-a-vi-i-y-a : a-h : p-s-a-v : a-d-m : k-a-r-m : m-š-k-a-u-v-a : a-v-a-k-n-m : a-n-i-y-m: u-š-/b-a-r-i-mToken span 11–11 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB1. · 88100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎼 𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐎹𐎫𐎼𐎹𐎠𐎶𐎠 [𐏐 𐎠]𐎺𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐

: a-b-r : v-š-n-a : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-h : t-i-g-r-a-m : vi-i-y-t-r-y-a-m-a [: a]-v-d-a : a-v-m : k-a-r-m :Token span 16–16 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB1. · 95100% confidence

𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎴𐎮𐎡𐎫𐎲𐎡𐎼𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎩𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎱𐎡(𐎹)𐎠 𐏐 [𐎠]𐏃[𐎹𐎫]𐎠 [𐏐] 𐎠/𐎱𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎶

: k-a-r-m : t-y-m : n-di-i-t-b-i-r-h-y-a : a-d-m : a-j-n-m : v-s-i-y : a-n-i-y : a-p-i-(y)-a : [a]-h-[y-t]-a [:] a-/p-i-š-i-mToken span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 19100% confidence

𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎣𐎶𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎡𐏁[𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎻𐎡]𐎭𐎼𐎴 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 𐏐 𐎶𐎴/𐎠

: h-u-v : k-m-n-m : a-h : p-s-a-v : a-d-m : k-a-r-m : f-r-a-i-š-[y-m : vi-i]-d-r-n : n-a-m : p-a-r-s : m-n-/aToken span 12–12 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 20100% confidence

𐏐 𐎲𐎭𐎣 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎰𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠𐏁[𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎰]𐏃𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎡𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣/𐎠𐎼𐎶

: b-d-k : a-v-m-š-a-m : m-ϑ-i-š-t-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : a-v-ϑ-a-š-[a-m : a-ϑ]-h-m : p-r-i-t-a : a-v-m : k-/a-r-mToken span 18–18 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 25100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎼 𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼 𐏐 [𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶](𐎴)𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎫/𐎹𐎶

: a-b-r : v-š-n-a : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-h : k-a-r : [h-y : m]-(n)-a : a-v-m : k-a-r-m : t-/y-mToken span 16–16 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 35100% confidence

𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺[𐎶 𐏐 𐎣]𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐

: v-š-n-a : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-h : k-a-r : h-y : m-n-a : a-v-[m : k]-a-r-m : t-y-m : h-mi-i-ç-i-y-m :Token span 14–14 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 41100% confidence

𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎺𐎿[𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎺𐎠]𐏃𐎼𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏓𐏒𐏒𐏒𐏒

: k-a-r-m : t-y-m : h-mi-i-ç-i-y-m : a-j : v-s-[i-y : ϑ-u-r-v-a]-h-r-h-y : m-a-h-y-a : 10-2-2-2-2Token span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.108.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.108.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DPe (Q007161) · Q007161.21.11

Documented dictionary attestation in DPe (Q007161), Q007161.21.11.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSf (Q007172) · Q007172.29.11

Documented dictionary attestation in DSf (Q007172), Q007172.29.11.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSz (Q007187) · Q007187.8.11

Documented dictionary attestation in DSz (Q007187), Q007187.8.11.View source