Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB2.)

DB2. · 41

Contains editorial restoration

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎺𐎿[𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎺𐎠]𐏃𐎼𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏓𐏒𐏒𐏒𐏒
Transliteration: : k-a-r-m : t-y-m : h-mi-i-ç-i-y-m : a-j : v-s-[i-y : ϑ-u-r-v-a]-h-r-h-y : m-a-h-y-a : 10-2-2-2-2
Transcription: : kāram : tyam : hamiçiyam : aja : vasiy : Θūravāharahya : māhyā : 18
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 41

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:13

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

people · who · treacherous · beat · very · 2nd month · month · [10-2-2-2-2]

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 10-2-2-2-2

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 41
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶k-a-r-m	kāra-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for kāram; English gloss: people. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎫𐎹𐎶t-y-m	haya/taya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for tayam; English gloss: who. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶h-mi-i-ç-i-y-m	hamiçiya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hamiçiyam; English gloss: treacherous. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎠𐎩a-j	gan	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for aja; English gloss: beat. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐎺𐎿[𐎡𐎹v-s-[i-y	vasai̯	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for vasai̯; English gloss: very. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
12	𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎺𐎠]𐏃𐎼𐏃𐎹ϑ-u-r-v-a]-h-r-h-y	Thūravāhara	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Θūravāharahaya; English gloss: 2nd month. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
14	𐎶𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠m-a-h-y-a	māh-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for māhyā; English gloss: month. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
15	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
16	𐏓𐏒𐏒𐏒𐏒10-2-2-2-2	—	No analysis recorded

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB2. 41

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

TITUS Old Persian corpus

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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