Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎠𐎩
Attested in Old Persian

beat

Lemma
gan
Transliteration
a-j
Transcription
aja

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for aja; English gloss: beat.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎠 a Phonogram
  2. 𐎩 ǰa Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

17 occurrences
DB2. · 26100% confidence

𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶𐎣𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐏃[𐎹]𐎠 𐏐 𐏔𐏒𐏒𐏒𐏑 𐏐 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐎲𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎰𐎣𐎫/𐎠

: h-mi-i-ç-i-y-m : a-j : v-s-i-y : a-n-a-m-k-h-y : m-a-h-[y]-a : 20-2-2-2-1 : r-u-c-b-i-š : ϑ-k-t-/aToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 36100% confidence

𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎺𐎠𐏃𐎼𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐏃[𐎹𐎠 𐏐] 𐏒𐏒𐏒[𐏒 𐏐 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐎲𐎡]𐏁 𐏐 𐎰𐎣𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰/𐎠𐏁𐎠𐎶

a-j : v-s-i-y : ϑ-u-r-v-a-h-r-h-y : m-a-h-[y-a :] 2-2-2-[2 : r-u-c-b-i]-š : ϑ-k-t-a : a-h : a-v-ϑ-/a-š-a-mToken span 1–1 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 41100% confidence

𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎺𐎿[𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎺𐎠]𐏃𐎼𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏓𐏒𐏒𐏒𐏒

: k-a-r-m : t-y-m : h-mi-i-ç-i-y-m : a-j : v-s-[i-y : ϑ-u-r-v-a]-h-r-h-y : m-a-h-y-a : 10-2-2-2-2Token span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 46100% confidence

𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷[𐎡]𐏂𐎡[𐎹𐎶] 𐏐 [𐎠]𐎩 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎨/𐎡𐏁

: k-a-r : h-y : m-n-a : a-v-m : k-a-r-m : t-y-m : h-mi-[i]-ç-i-[y-m] : [a]-j : v-s-i-y : ϑ-a-i-g-r-c-/i-šToken span 16–16 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 55100% confidence

𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎫[𐎹𐎶 𐏐] 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐

: k-a-r : h-y : m-n-a : a-v-m : k-a-r-m : t-[y-m :] h-mi-i-ç-i-y-m : a-j : v-s-i-y :Token span 16–16 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 61100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎺𐎠𐏃𐎼𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐏃/𐎹𐎠

: a-v-m : k-a-r-m : t-y-m : h-mi-i-ç-i-y-m : a-j : v-s-i-y : ϑ-u-r-v-a-h-r-h-y : m-a-h-/y-aToken span 10–10 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 87100% confidence

𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎨/𐎡𐏂𐎫𐎧𐎶𐎶

: k-a-r : h-y : m-n-a : a-v-m : k-a-r-m : t-y-m : h-mi-i-ç-i-y-m : a-j : u-t-a : c-/i-ç-t-x-m-mToken span 16–16 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 98100% confidence

𐏐 [𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎻]𐎡𐎹𐎧𐎴𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶[𐎠]𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 [𐏔𐏒 𐏐 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐎲𐎡𐏁 𐏐] 𐎰𐎣𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎶𐎼𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎫𐎶

: [a-j : v-s-i-y : vi]-i-y-x-n-h-y : m-[a]-h-y-a : [20-2 : r-u-c-b-i-š :] ϑ-k-t-a : a-h : a-v-ϑ-a-š-a-m : h-m-r-n-m : k-r-t-mToken span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB3. · 7100% confidence

𐏐 𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎥/𐎼𐎶𐎱𐎭𐏃𐎹

: vi-š-t-a-s-p : a-v-m : k-a-r-m : t-y-m : h-mi-i-ç-i-y-m : a-j : v-s-i-y : g-/r-m-p-d-h-yToken span 12–12 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB3. · 18100% confidence

𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎮𐎡𐎹𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏔𐏒𐏑 𐏐 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐎲𐎡/𐏁

: t-y-m : h-mi-i-ç-i-y-m : a-j : v-s-i-y : a-ç-i-y-a-di-i-y-h-y : m-a-h-y-a : 20-2-1 : r-u-c-b-i-/šToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB3. · 39100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎺𐎠𐏃𐎼𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏓𐏒 𐏐 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐎲𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎰𐎣/𐎫𐎠

: a-j : v-s-i-y : ϑ-u-r-v-a-h-r-h-y : m-a-h-y-a : 10-2 : r-u-c-b-i-š : ϑ-k-/t-aToken span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB3. · 46100% confidence

𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎺𐏃𐎹𐏀𐎭𐎠𐎫𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎥𐎼𐎶𐎱𐎭𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐏃/𐎹𐎠

: k-a-r-m : t-y-m : v-h-y-z-d-a-t-h-y : a-j : v-s-i-y : g-r-m-p-d-h-y : m-a-h-/y-aToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.119.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.119.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSe (Q007171) · Q007171.36.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DSe (Q007171), Q007171.36.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSf (Q007172) · Q007172.29.9

Documented dictionary attestation in DSf (Q007172), Q007172.29.9.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSz (Q007187) · Q007187.8.9

Documented dictionary attestation in DSz (Q007187), Q007187.8.9.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPh (Q007216) · Q007216.34.4

Documented dictionary attestation in XPh (Q007216), Q007216.34.4.View source