Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB1.)

DB1. · 88

Contains editorial restoration

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎼 𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐎹𐎫𐎼𐎹𐎠𐎶𐎠 [𐏐 𐎠]𐎺𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐
Transliteration: : a-b-r : v-š-n-a : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-h : t-i-g-r-a-m : vi-i-y-t-r-y-a-m-a [: a]-v-d-a : a-v-m : k-a-r-m :
Transcription: : abara : vašnā : Auramazdāha : Tigrām : viyatarayāmā : avadā : avam : kāram :
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 88

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:11

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

carry · will · Ahuramazdā · pointed · overcome · then · that one · people

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, [𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 88
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎠𐎲𐎼a-b-r	bar	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for abara; English gloss: carry. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠v-š-n-a	vašnā-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for vašnā; English gloss: will. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃a-u-r-m-z-d-a-h	A.uramazdā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for A.uramazdāha; English gloss: Ahuramazdā. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠𐎶t-i-g-r-a-m	tigra-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for tigrām; English gloss: pointed. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐎻𐎡𐎹𐎫𐎼𐎹𐎠𐎶𐎠vi-i-y-t-r-y-a-m-a [	vi-tar	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for viyatarayam; English gloss: overcome. · Needs human review Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	[𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
12	𐎠]𐎺𐎭𐎠a]-v-d-a	avadā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for avadā; English gloss: then. · Needs human review Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
14	𐎠𐎺𐎶a-v-m	hau̯/ava-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for avam; English gloss: that one. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
15	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
16	𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶k-a-r-m	kāra-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for kāram; English gloss: people. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
17	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB1. 88

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

TITUS Old Persian corpus

This tool is developed by Persian Dej and uses Old Persian linguistic data available in the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, affiliated with the TITUS Project at Goethe University Frankfurt, as one of its scholarly and linguistic sources.

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

Scholarly evidence chain and method of use

The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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