Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB1.)

DB1. · 89

Contains editorial restoration

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎴𐎮𐎡𐎫𐎲𐎡𐎼𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎩𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐏂[𐎡]𐎹𐎠𐎮𐎡𐎹[𐏃𐎹 𐏐] 𐎶𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏔𐏒𐏒𐏒 𐏐 𐎼𐎢/𐎨𐎲𐎡𐏁
Transliteration: t-y-m : n-di-i-t-b-i-r-h-y-a : a-d-m : a-j-n-m : v-s-i-y : a-ç-[i]-y-a-di-i-y-[h-y :] m-a-h-y-a : 20-2-2-2 : r-u-/c-b-i-š
Transcription: tyam : Naditabairahyā : adam : ajanam : vasiy : Āçiyādiyahya : māhyā : 26 : raucabiš
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 89

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:15

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

who · Nidintu-Bel, Babylonian rebel, son of Ainaira · I · beat · very · 9th month · month · [20-2-2-2] · day

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐], 𐏐, 20-2-2-2, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 89
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐎫𐎹𐎶t-y-m	haya/taya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for tayam; English gloss: who. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
2	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
3	𐎴𐎮𐎡𐎫𐎲𐎡𐎼𐏃𐎹𐎠n-di-i-t-b-i-r-h-y-a	Nadintabai̯ra	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Nadintabai̯rahyā; English gloss: Nidintu-Bel, Babylonian rebel, son of Ainaira. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
4	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
5	𐎠𐎭𐎶a-d-m	adam	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for adam; English gloss: I. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
6	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
7	𐎠𐎩𐎴𐎶a-j-n-m	gan	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for ajanam; English gloss: beat. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
8	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
9	𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹v-s-i-y	vasai̯	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for vasai̯; English gloss: very. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
10	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
11	𐎠𐏂[𐎡]𐎹𐎠𐎮𐎡𐎹[𐏃𐎹a-ç-[i]-y-a-di-i-y-[h-y	Āçiyādiya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Āçiyādiyahya; English gloss: 9th month. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
12	𐏐]	—	No analysis recorded
13	𐎶𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠] m-a-h-y-a	māh-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for māhyā; English gloss: month. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
14	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
15	𐏔𐏒𐏒𐏒20-2-2-2	—	No analysis recorded
16	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
17	𐎼𐎢/𐎨𐎲𐎡𐏁r-u-/c-b-i-š	rau̯cah-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for rau̯cabiš; English gloss: day. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB1. 89

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

TITUS Old Persian corpus

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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