Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB3.)

DB3. · 86

Contains editorial restoration

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎻𐎡[𐎹]𐎶 𐏐 𐎩𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 [𐎥]𐎢𐎲𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 [𐎻]𐎡𐎭[𐎳𐎼𐎴]𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼/𐎠
Transliteration: : b-a-b-i-ru-u-vi-i-[y]-m : j-t-a : h-y : m-n-a : n-i-y : [g]-u-b-a-t-i-y : p-s-a-v : [vi]-i-d-[f-r-n]-a : h-d-a : k-a-r-/a
Transcription: : Bābiruviyam : jatā : hya : manā : naiy : gaubātaiy : pasāva : Vidafarnā : hadā : kārā
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 86

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:21

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Haman-Ava rights

Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

Babylonian · beat · who · me, mine · not · call onself · after · son of Vahyasaruva, servant of Darius I · (together) with · people

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 86
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎻𐎡[𐎹]𐎶b-a-b-i-ru-u-vi-i-[y]-m	Bābiruviya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Bābiruviyam; English gloss: Babylonian. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎩𐎫𐎠j-t-a	gan	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for jantā; English gloss: beat. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐏃𐎹h-y	haya/taya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for haya; English gloss: who. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎶𐎴𐎠m-n-a	ma-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for manā; English gloss: me, mine. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐎴𐎡𐎹n-i-y	nai̯	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nai̯; English gloss: not. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
12	[𐎥]𐎢𐎲𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹[g]-u-b-a-t-i-y	gau̯b	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for agau̯bantā; English gloss: call onself. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
14	𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺p-s-a-v	pasāva	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for pasāva; English gloss: after. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
15	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
16	[𐎻]𐎡𐎭[𐎳𐎼𐎴]𐎠[vi]-i-d-[f-r-n]-a	Vindafarnah	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Vindafamā; English gloss: son of Vahyasaruva, servant of Darius I. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
17	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
18	𐏃𐎭𐎠h-d-a	hadā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hadā; English gloss: (together) with. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
19	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
20	𐎣𐎠𐎼/𐎠k-a-r-/a	kāra-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for kārā; English gloss: people. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB3. 86

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

TITUS Old Persian corpus

This tool is developed by Persian Dej and uses Old Persian linguistic data available in the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, affiliated with the TITUS Project at Goethe University Frankfurt, as one of its scholarly and linguistic sources.

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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