Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB3.)

DB3. · 48

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎺𐏃𐎹𐏀𐎭𐎠𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎥𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹𐏁𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎫𐎶/𐎠
Transliteration: : v-h-y-z-d-a-t-m : a-g-r-b-a-y : u-t-a : m-r-t-i-y-a : t-y-i-y-š-i-y : f-r-t-m-/a
Transcription: : Vahyazdātam : agarbāya : utā : martiyā : tyaišaiy : fratamā
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 48

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:05

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

Yutiyian rebel · seize · and · man · [t-y-i-y-š-i-y] · foremost, highest ranking

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, t-y-i-y-š-i-y, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 48
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎺𐏃𐎹𐏀𐎭𐎠𐎫𐎶v-h-y-z-d-a-t-m	Vahyazdāta	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Vahyazdātam; English gloss: Yutiyian rebel. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎠𐎥𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹a-g-r-b-a-y	grab	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for agṛbāya; English gloss: seize. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐎢𐎫𐎠u-t-a	utā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā; English gloss: and. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹𐎠m-r-t-i-y-a	martiya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for martiyā; English gloss: man. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹𐏁𐎡𐎹t-y-i-y-š-i-y	—	No analysis recorded
11	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
12	𐎳𐎼𐎫𐎶/𐎠f-r-t-m-/a	fratama-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for fratamā; English gloss: foremost, highest ranking. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB3. 48

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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