Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB3.)

DB3. · 4

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱 𐏐 𐎠𐎹𐎿𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎺 𐏐 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎲/𐎴𐎠
Transliteration: : p-s-a-v : vi-š-t-a-s-p : a-y-s-t-a : a-v-m : k-a-r-m : a-š-i-y-v : p-t-i-g-r-b-/n-a
Transcription: : pasāva : Vištāspa : āyasatā : avam : kāram : ašiyava : Patigrabanā
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 4

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:06

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

after · Hystaspes, father of Darius I · take possession of · that one · people · move · Parthian city

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 4
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺p-s-a-v	pasāva	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for pasāva; English gloss: after. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱vi-š-t-a-s-p	Vištāspa	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Vištāspa; English gloss: Hystaspes, father of Darius I. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐎠𐎹𐎿𐎫𐎠a-y-s-t-a	ā-yam	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for āyasatā; English gloss: take possession of. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎠𐎺𐎶a-v-m	hau̯/ava-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for avam; English gloss: that one. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶k-a-r-m	kāra-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for kāram; English gloss: people. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
12	𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎺a-š-i-y-v	šiyav	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for ašiyava; English gloss: move. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
14	𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎲/𐎴𐎠p-t-i-g-r-b-/n-a	Patigrabanā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Patigrabanā; English gloss: Parthian city. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB3. 4

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

TITUS Old Persian corpus

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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