Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB3.)

DB3. · 5

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎺𐎼𐎭𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎶𐎼𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏃𐎭𐎠 𐏐
Transliteration: : n-a-m : v-r-d-n-m : p-r-ϑ-v-i-y : a-v-d-a : h-m-r-n-m : a-ku-u-n-u-š : h-d-a :
Transcription: : nāma : vardanam : Parϑavaiy : avadā : hamaranam : akunauš : hadā :
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 5

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:05

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

name · place · Parthia · [a-v-d-a] · fight · do · (together) with

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 5
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎴𐎠𐎶n-a-m	nāman-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nāma; English gloss: name. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	nāman- vṛdana- Parθava avadā hamarana- kar hadā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nāma vardanam Parθavaiy avadā hamaranam akunauš hadā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: name · place · Parthia · there · fight · do · (together) with. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
4	𐎺𐎼𐎭𐎴𐎶v-r-d-n-m	nāman- vṛdana- Parθava avadā hamarana- kar hadā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nāma vardanam Parθavaiy avadā hamaranam akunauš hadā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: name · place · Parthia · there · fight · do · (together) with. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	nāman- vṛdana- Parθava avadā hamarana- kar hadā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nāma vardanam Parθavaiy avadā hamaranam akunauš hadā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: name · place · Parthia · there · fight · do · (together) with. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
6	𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺𐎡𐎹p-r-ϑ-v-i-y	nāman- vṛdana- Parθava avadā hamarana- kar hadā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nāma vardanam Parθavaiy avadā hamaranam akunauš hadā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: name · place · Parthia · there · fight · do · (together) with. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	nāman- vṛdana- Parθava avadā hamarana- kar hadā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nāma vardanam Parθavaiy avadā hamaranam akunauš hadā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: name · place · Parthia · there · fight · do · (together) with. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
8	𐎠𐎺𐎭𐎠a-v-d-a	nāman- vṛdana- Parθava avadā hamarana- kar hadā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nāma vardanam Parθavaiy avadā hamaranam akunauš hadā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: name · place · Parthia · there · fight · do · (together) with. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	nāman- vṛdana- Parθava avadā hamarana- kar hadā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nāma vardanam Parθavaiy avadā hamaranam akunauš hadā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: name · place · Parthia · there · fight · do · (together) with. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
10	𐏃𐎶𐎼𐎴𐎶h-m-r-n-m	nāman- vṛdana- Parθava avadā hamarana- kar hadā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nāma vardanam Parθavaiy avadā hamaranam akunauš hadā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: name · place · Parthia · there · fight · do · (together) with. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐏐	nāman- vṛdana- Parθava avadā hamarana- kar hadā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nāma vardanam Parθavaiy avadā hamaranam akunauš hadā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: name · place · Parthia · there · fight · do · (together) with. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
12	𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐏁a-ku-u-n-u-š	nāman- vṛdana- Parθava avadā hamarana- kar hadā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nāma vardanam Parθavaiy avadā hamaranam akunauš hadā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: name · place · Parthia · there · fight · do · (together) with. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	𐏐	nāman- vṛdana- Parθava avadā hamarana- kar hadā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nāma vardanam Parθavaiy avadā hamaranam akunauš hadā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: name · place · Parthia · there · fight · do · (together) with. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
14	𐏃𐎭𐎠h-d-a	nāman- vṛdana- Parθava avadā hamarana- kar hadā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nāma vardanam Parθavaiy avadā hamaranam akunauš hadā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: name · place · Parthia · there · fight · do · (together) with. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
15	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB3. 5

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

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TITUS Old Persian corpus

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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