Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB2.)

DB2. · 63

Contains editorial restoration

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎨𐎡𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴𐎡𐎹(𐎡)[𐎹] 𐏐 𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎿𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎭𐎶
Transliteration: : c-i-t-a : m-a-m : a-m-a-n-y : a-r-mi-i-n-i-y-(i)-[y] : y-a-t-a : a-d-m : a-r-s-m : m-a-d-m
Transcription: : citā : mām : amānaya : Arminiyaiy : yātā : adam : arasam : Mādam
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 63

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:11

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

for some time · me, mine · wait · Armenian · while · I · come to · Media

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 63
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎨𐎡𐎫𐎠c-i-t-a	citā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for citā; English gloss: for some time. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎶𐎠𐎶m-a-m	ma-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for mām; English gloss: me, mine. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐎠𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎹a-m-a-n-y	man	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for amānaya; English gloss: wait. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴𐎡𐎹(𐎡)[𐎹]a-r-mi-i-n-i-y-(i)-[y]	Arminiya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Arminiyai̯; English gloss: Armenian. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎠y-a-t-a	yātā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for yātā; English gloss: while. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
12	𐎠𐎭𐎶a-d-m	adam	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for adam; English gloss: I. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
14	𐎠𐎼𐎿𐎶a-r-s-m	ar	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for ārsam; English gloss: come to. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
15	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
16	𐎶𐎠𐎭𐎶m-a-d-m	Māda	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Mādam; English gloss: Media. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB2. 63

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

TITUS Old Persian corpus

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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