Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB2.)

DB2. · 14

Contains editorial restoration

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏑 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎳𐎼[𐎺𐎼𐎫𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎭] 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎢𐎭𐎱𐎫𐎫/𐎠
Transliteration: : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : 1 m-r-t-i-y : f-r-[v-r-t-i-š : n-a-m : m-a-d] : h-u-v : u-d-p-t-t-/a
Transcription: : xšāyaϑiya : 1 martiya : Fravartiš : nāma : Māda : hauv : udapatatā
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 14

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:14

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

king · man · man · Median rebel · name · Mede · that one · revolt

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 14
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y	xšāyaθiya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšāyaθiya; English gloss: king. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐏑1 m-r-t-i-y	martiya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for martiya; English gloss: man. · Needs human review Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹f-r-[v-r-t-i-š	martiya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for martiya; English gloss: man. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
6	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
7	𐎳𐎼[𐎺𐎼𐎫𐎡𐏁n-a-m	Fravarti	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Fravartai̯š; English gloss: Median rebel. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
8	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
9	𐎴𐎠𐎶m-a-d]	nāman-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nāma; English gloss: name. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
10	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
11	𐎶𐎠𐎭]h-u-v	Māda	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Māda; English gloss: Mede. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
12	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
13	𐏃𐎢𐎺u-d-p-t-t-/a	hau̯/ava-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hau̯; English gloss: that one. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
14	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
15	𐎢𐎭𐎱𐎫𐎫/𐎠	ud-pat	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for udapatatā; English gloss: revolt. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB2. 14

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

TITUS Old Persian corpus

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

Scholarly evidence chain and method of use

The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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