Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB1.)

DB1. · 92

Contains editorial restoration

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐏀𐎠𐏀𐎠𐎴 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎺𐎼𐎭𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎵𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎢𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎭𐎠 [𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎴]𐎮𐎡𐎫/𐎲𐎡𐎼
Transliteration: : z-a-z-a-n : n-a-m : v-r-d-n-m : a-nu-u-v : u-f-r-a-tu-u-v-a : a-v-d-a [: h-u-v : n]-di-i-t-/b-i-r
Transcription: : Zāzāna : nāma : vardanam : anuv : Ufrātuvā : avadā : hauv : Naditabaira
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 92

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:10

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Haman-Ava rights

Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

Babylonian city · name · place · according to · Euphrates · then · that one · Nidintu-Bel, Babylonian rebel, son of Ainaira

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, [𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 92
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐏀𐎠𐏀𐎠𐎴z-a-z-a-n	Zāzāna	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Zāzāna; English gloss: Babylonian city. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎴𐎠𐎶n-a-m	nāman-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nāma; English gloss: name. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐎺𐎼𐎭𐎴𐎶v-r-d-n-m	vṛdana-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for vṛdanam; English gloss: place. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎠𐎵𐎢𐎺a-nu-u-v	anu	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for anu; English gloss: according to. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐎢𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺𐎠u-f-r-a-tu-u-v-a	Ufrātu	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Ufrātuvā; English gloss: Euphrates. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
12	𐎠𐎺𐎭𐎠a-v-d-a [	avadā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for avadā; English gloss: then. · Needs human review Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	[𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
14	𐏃𐎢𐎺h-u-v	hau̯/ava-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hau̯; English gloss: that one. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
15	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
16	𐎴]𐎮𐎡𐎫/𐎲𐎡𐎼n]-di-i-t-/b-i-r	Nadintabai̯ra	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Nadintabai̯ra; English gloss: Nidintu-Bel, Babylonian rebel, son of Ainaira. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB1. 92

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

TITUS Old Persian corpus

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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