Inscription line

Artaxerxes II, Susa (A2Sa)

A2Sa · 6

Contains damageContains editorial restoration

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎬𐎢]𐎺 [𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠] 𐏐 𐎻[𐎿𐎱]𐎠 𐏐 𐎥𐎿𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎹𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎣𐎹𐎠𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎻[++]𐎡𐎬[ +]
Transliteration: : p-a-tu-u]-v [: h-c-a] : vi-[s-p]-a : g-s-t-a : u-t-a : i-m-m : t-y : a-ku-u-n-a : m-a : y-a-tu-u-m : m-a : k-y-a-d-a : vi-[+-+]-i-tu-[ +]
Transcription: : pātuv : hacā : vispā : gastā : utā : imam : tya : akunā : mā : yātum? : mā : kayādā : v...it...
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 6

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:19

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

protect · from · all · evil · and · this (here) · so that · do · not · X · not · indifference · [vi-[+-+]-i-tu-[ +]]

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, [𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, vi-[+-+]-i-tu-[ +]

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 6
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎱𐎠𐎬𐎢]𐎺p-a-tu-u]-v [	pā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for pātu; English gloss: protect. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	[𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐏃𐎨𐎠]h-c-a]	hacā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hacā; English gloss: from. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐎻[𐎿𐎱]𐎠vi-[s-p]-a	vispa-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for vispā; English gloss: all. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎥𐎿𐎫𐎠g-s-t-a	gasta-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for gastā; English gloss: evil. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐎢𐎫𐎠u-t-a	utā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā; English gloss: and. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
12	𐎡𐎶𐎶i-m-m	i-/ima-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for imam; English gloss: this (here). · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
14	𐎫𐎹t-y	taya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for taya; English gloss: so that. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
15	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
16	𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎠a-ku-u-n-a	kar	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for akunā; English gloss: do. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
17	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
18	𐎶𐎠m-a	mā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for mā; English gloss: not. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
19	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
20	𐎹𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎶y-a-tu-u-m	yātum	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for yātum; English gloss: X. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
21	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
22	𐎶𐎠m-a	mā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for mā; English gloss: not. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
23	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
24	𐎣𐎹𐎠𐎭𐎠k-y-a-d-a	kayādā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for kayādā; English gloss: indifference. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
25	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
26	𐎻[++]𐎡𐎬[vi-[+-+]-i-tu-[ +]	—	No analysis recorded

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

A2Sa 6

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

TITUS Old Persian corpus

This tool is developed by Persian Dej and uses Old Persian linguistic data available in the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, affiliated with the TITUS Project at Goethe University Frankfurt, as one of its scholarly and linguistic sources.

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