Inscription line

Artaxerxes II, Susa (A2Sa)

A2Sa · 3

Contains editorial restoration

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐] 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎭[𐎠𐎼]𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎶𐎠𐎴𐏁𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎱𐎭𐎠𐎴 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎠𐎱𐎴𐎹𐎠𐎣𐎶 𐏐 𐎠[𐎤]/𐎢𐎴𐏁
Transliteration: :] XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : d-[a-r]-y-v-u-š-h-y-a : vi-š-t-a-s-p-h-y-a : p-u-ç : h-x-m-a-n-š-i-y : i-m-m : a-p-d-a-n : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : a-p-n-y-a-k-m : a-[ku]-/u-n-š
Transcription: : XŠhyā : puça : Dārayavaušahyā : Vištāspahyā : puça : Haxamānašiya : imam : apadāna : Dārayavauš : apanayākama : akunaš
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 3

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:24

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

king · son · Darius I, king of Persia · Hystaspes, father of Darius I · son · [h-x-m-a-n-š-i-y] · this (here) · palace · Darius · great-grandfather · [a-[ku]-/u-n-š]

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐], 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, h-x-m-a-n-š-i-y, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, a-[ku]-/u-n-š

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 3
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐]	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠] XŠ-h-y-a	xšāyaθiya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšāyaθiyahyā; English gloss: king. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎱𐎢𐏂p-u-ç	puça-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for puça; English gloss: son. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐎭[𐎠𐎼]𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠d-[a-r]-y-v-u-š-h-y-a	Dārayava.u-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Dārayava.ušahyā; English gloss: Darius I, king of Persia. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱𐏃𐎹𐎠vi-š-t-a-s-p-h-y-a	Vištāspa	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Vištāspahyā; English gloss: Hystaspes, father of Darius I. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐎱𐎢𐏂p-u-ç	puça-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for puça; English gloss: son. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
12	𐏃𐎧𐎶𐎠𐎴𐏁𐎡𐎹h-x-m-a-n-š-i-y	—	No analysis recorded
13	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
14	𐎡𐎶𐎶i-m-m	i-/ima-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for imam; English gloss: this (here). · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
15	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
16	𐎠𐎱𐎭𐎠𐎴a-p-d-a-n	apadāna-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for apadānam; English gloss: palace. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
17	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
18	𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁d-a-r-y-v-u-š	Dārayavahu-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Dārayavauš; English gloss: Darius. · Needs human review Machine-generated and unreviewed
19	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
20	𐎠𐎱𐎴𐎹𐎠𐎣𐎶a-p-n-y-a-k-m	apaniyāka-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for apaniyākamai̯; English gloss: great-grandfather. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
21	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
22	𐎠[𐎤]/𐎢𐎴𐏁a-[ku]-/u-n-š	—	No analysis recorded

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

A2Sa 3

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

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TITUS Old Persian corpus

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