Haft-Sin
In some writings from Haft Shin table (Seven events that begin with the word Shin) It has been said that it is officially older. In finding the root of the word Haft Sin, there are other opinions such as Haft Chin ( Seven plants have been harvested from the field ) And seven trays of agricultural products are also mentioned. The disparity of opinions may be due to the fact that there is no mention of Haft Sin in the old historical and literary books, and it is from the Qajar era that the research, discussion and commenting on the popular beliefs, behaviors and customs of the people began.. We don't know if before Qaani, the poet mentioned Haft Sin in his poem?
Sin Sagar was enough for us in this Nowruz day
Mirzade Eshghi is also in ” Nowruz letter ” It was written in Islambul in Masmati for the knowledge of the people of that land :
Did all Iranians forget Nowruz?
Build from Mazandaran to Shush and Malik
They gather the Haftsin cloth and sit around him
…
Wearing new clothes
Wearing new clothes in Nowruz rituals is a public ceremony. The preparation of clothes for the delivery year keeps the poor and the rich busy. In the traditional society, attention is paid to the poor and underprivileged to prepare Nowruz clothes – Especially for children – It was as formal as required. Disrobing the kings and princes during Nowruz celebration was to re-clothe the agents and subordinates. Abu Rayhan writes outside : ” The custom of the kings of Khorasan is that they give spring and summer clothes to their soldiers in this season “. Historians and poets have mentioned a lot of nowruz disrobing. And it is for this belief that Haji Shafi Abrishmi Zanjani is mentioned in the dedication letter :Every year, on the nights of Nowruz, 50 sets of clothes for girls and 50 sets of clothes for boys, along with shoes and socks, should be prepared from the proceeds of the endowment and given to orphans..
The travel writers of the Safavid and Qajar periods, in describing the Nowruz celebrations, have mentioned many people's luxurious clothes.. Buying new clothes and some worn-out items that you need on the occasion of Nowruz ” so ” construction, the figure is mainly seasonal expenses – And sometimes annually – Forms families. Many families who wear black clothes in the mourning of one of their relatives, wear different clothes on the occasion of Nowruz, especially during the year of handover.. Those who don't have new clothes for any reason, try to wear as little as possible – Socks, shirt – At the time of delivery, wear new.
In the past, when stores and markets did not sell clothes and people ordered tailors to sew their clothes, sewing shifts and tailors' day and night work was one of the difficulties of families.. If in the days before Nowruz, it is customary in families, neighborhoods, schools and charity organizations to prepare clothes for children in need, this good deed is not for help and companionship, but for clothing children in the celebration. It is Nowruz.
We always see this old belief in the writings, recommendations and descriptions of Nowruz that : Let's follow nature, learn from trees and wear new clothes when spring comes, which is an omen of happiness and peace..
Nowruz foods
Haft Sin
In ancient historical and literary books and documents, there are rarely any foods that are special for Nowruz celebration (or other celebrations) Let it be said. Writers and historians discuss from ” Edible ” Perhaps, they were considered trivial, ugly or obvious. In the books of the 4th century onwards, there are no shortage of detailed descriptions and descriptions, in poetry and prose, about Nowruz and Mehrgan and other festivals and rituals, but about the type and characteristics of the foods of the festivals, not in the system of kings and princes and No, there was no word in the public houses of the people.
In the articles and researches that have been written about Nowruz in the last seventy-five years, in addition to the foods on the Haft Sin table, sometimes there are special foods on the night before Nowruz, and on the first night of the year, in traditional families of different cities and regions. It has been mentioned. Foods that were in harmony with the climatic characteristics and types of products of each region, and at the same time, it was the best and rarest food of the region; And all social strata – The poor too – In these days, they try to be generous in order to provide better food, and according to Abu Rayhan:”These festivals are one of the reasons that transform the poverty of the poor into a spacious life “.
Today, in Tehran and some central cities of Iran, it is customary to eat vegetable fish pilaf on the night of Nowruz and rice noodles on Nowruz day, and it may be said that it is the special dish of Nowruz in this region.. ” rice ” in the central cities and deserts of Iran ( It can be said in all the cities of Iran except Gilan and Mazandaran ) Until recently, it was the food of celebrations, party food and a sign of prosperity and wealth. And this ” the best ” Food, the special food of all people – Poor and rich – It was on the night of Nowruz. If a good man one hundred and five years ago in Strak Kashan, he endows a property from its income ” They buy rice every year from the end of Khamseh Mustarga and deliver it to all the people of Stark, noble and honorable, male and female, young and old. “Undoubtedly, it was with this intention that no one would be at the table on Nowruz night ” rice ” not be.
With the emergence and expansion of today's industrial mass media such as newspapers, radio and television, and the existence of various programs in the introduction of ancient celebrations and rituals, a kind of uniformity in providing means and holding ceremonies in all cities and provinces. has come into existence. Undoubtedly, the advertisements of the goods producing institutions are also an effective factor in these uniformity.
Visiting Nowruz, or Eid-e-Dani
including Nowruz rituals, seeing and visiting, or ” Eid to see ” Is. It is customary that on the day of Nowruz, they first go to see the elders of the family, clan, and scientific, social and dignified personalities.. In many of these festivals, everyone in the family participates. Historical and literary books only inform about the official feasts of kings, princes and chiefs.. The official that news agencies and media are still satisfied with. ” seeing” Nowruz, which is inevitable ” visit ” It is accompanied by hand kissing and hand kissing, in the first days of Farvardin, which is an official holiday, and sometimes until the thirteenth of Farvardin. ( And they say until the end of April ) It continues between relatives and friends and acquaintances far and near. The movement of a group of families in the village and neighborhood – Especially in small towns – It is not gone yet. These visits continue until late at night, especially for those who cannot cancel their daily work..
As long as “Nowruz trips” It was not customary, in cities and neighborhoods where work and neighborhood acquaintances ” Face-to-face relationships ” Nowruz visits were considered a more or less obligatory duty.. And maybe they were acquaintances – And they are – They go to each other's houses only once a year, that is during Nowruz visits. I remember that in Kerman, among the Zoroastrians, when someone complained to his friend and acquaintance why he did not come to see him, he used to say this sentence. : ” If we were angry together, we would come home at least once a year ” And how many turbidities and resentments of family and kinship that have been resolved by visits to Yemen and Nowruz visits..
Expansion of cities, increase in population, dispersion of traditional families, job restrictions and apartment living culture are some of the factors that reduced Nowruz visits.. And due to these difficulties and time limitations, many families who do not travel, set a time in advance for Nowruz visits..
Safaviyeh Kerman's Tazkira book, which is a report of the events of the years 1063 until the 1104 Is, ” Description of events ” Every year, although the month and year are calculated based on the lunar calendar, it begins with the celebration, customs, and rituals of Nowruz in the government system, including : Ruler and Minister and Asif Hamida Sir, in Nowruz of that year (1080 Lunar) which coincides with 15 It was Shawwal, you spent a luxurious time in Nazar garden, you made scholars, peacemakers and poets happy with expensive prayers. (…) And for the wide demand, he brought all kinds of special and public food. The next day, he went to visit Aze Velayat, and for two or three days, they visited people like that, and after that, every day, in exchange for the Nowruz feast, it was hot shooting time.. watching ” Bull and ram war ” It was also one of the rituals of Nowruz in this period : Nowruz day of the year 1101 that in 7 Jumadi Al-Thani was located, on the side of Asr Wazir Behran ( … ) In the Muaidi desert ( In the northern part of the current city of Kerman ) A bull and a ram fight was planned, after that they had a horse race, in the presence of their Jinani friends, they used to play kamarani..
The first Nowruz
In Nowruz visits, it is customary to go home first to those who ” The first Nowruz ” He is a member of that family. In addition to the third, seventh and fortieth days, which are mostly held in the mosque, the bereaved families sit at home on the first Nowruz, when more than eleven months have passed since the death of the deceased.. And it is on this day that the families of the relatives take off the black clothes from the mourners. Meetings ” The first Nowruz ” which has a symbolic aspect, at the same time it has the space of seeing and visiting Nowruz. And the visitors, on the first day of Nowruz, do not condole the bereaved family, but for them ” Wishing you happiness ” They do it, so as not to make bad omens at the beginning of the new year. The custom of the first day of Nowruz is mostly held in cities that do not mourn the last day of March as a reminder of the passing of the year..
A Nowruzi gift, my Eid
Giving gifts and feasts on the occasion of Nowruz is an old formality, historical books of Nowruz offerings and gifts. – Before Islam and after Islam – They inform, from subjects to kings and rulers, from kings and rulers to ministers, secretaries, agents and poets, from the elders of the family to the younger ones, especially children..
The tradition of giving gifts on Nowruz is given as follows by Abu Rayhan Biruni from Azarbad, Mobad Baghdad : Sugarcane was found in Iran on Nowruz day, nobody knew it before that. One day, Jamshid saw a straw with a little oozing out of it, because it was sweet, he ordered to take out this straw and make sugar from it.. And people gave each other thanks as a way of congratulation, and they repeated it in Mehrgan, and it became a custom to give gifts..
Subjects' initiative ( Merchant, craftsman, farmer) And the governors of the province, to the kings and caliphs, it was actually a part of the annual tribute and taxes – said or not said – They were committed to it. And ” treasury ” Abadan was one of those countries. Abu Rayhan writes outside : Sassanid kings what the five days of Eid ( Respectively; Nobles, peasants, soldiers, eunuchs and servants ) They had brought a gift, on the sixth day he ordered to be summoned and kept everything that could be treasured, and he gave what he wanted to the people of Anas and the people who deserve privacy..
Kemper, a Safavid tourist, from the gifts of local rulers and rich people, which they brought to King Suleiman, as ” The third figure of the court budget ” He teaches. Tavernier is the gift of one of the rulers to the king ” Ten thousand nobles ” mentioned, and Chardon gave gifts to the king approx 2 He estimates millions of francs. ” Drew Will ” May Noised : In addition to gold, jewels and gold coins, these Nowruz gifts include genuine horses, war weapons, expensive fabrics, cashmere shawls, premium skins, sugar, coffee, tea, and jam..
In historical and literary books, the kings' gift to poets is mentioned above all, a gift that, according to tradition, was given to compose Nowruz odes and praises.. Gift to poets in Nowruz celebration, which was a motivation and a means to write poems and praises, was actually a kind of monthly and annual salary of the poet.. Among other things, he writes : On Thursday, the 18th of the last month of Jumadi, Amir ( Sultan Masoud ) He sat down for Nowruz celebration, and they had brought many gifts, and there was a lot of work to do, and he was happy to listen to poetry from poets, in this time of winter and his heart was empty, and he did not have a break, and he took off his clothes, and he also told the singers, and Masaudi is a poet. They interceded for him, he said three hundred dinars.
Sometimes these donations were enough to make a poet rich : They say that on the day of Nowruz, bowls of gold and silver were brought as a gift to Khaled bin Barmak Wazir. One of the Arab poets wrote a poem about this and mentioned this issue. Khalid gave all the gold and silver in that assembly to that poet. Because they were recognized, the money was huge and the poet became rich from it.
The custom and rule of offering heavy price to kings and rulers was common until the constitutional period. The establishment of taxes and the requirement for regular and calculated payments made the proposals of ransom and tribute to a large amount of credit.. But giving Eid and gifts, especially from a higher authority ( Status, economy and age ) It is one of the ancient customs and rituals of our culture. Today, it is customary to give Eid to young people and children in the family, to low-income people and servants in the work environment, to sweepers, mail carriers and … At the same time, it is a kind of compensation for hard work and waiting for service. Today's holidays are mostly in the form of cash and new bills. Banks are prepared ” New banknote ” done, and they give it to the customers. In the agricultural, rural and nomadic society, in the not-so-distant past, Nowruz offerings were local products, and gifts were non-local goods and products..
Giving gifts for occasions such as Eid, success, travel, birthday, marriage, death (In some cities, especially in tribal communities, it is customary to provide food, sheep, rice and … They take) And .. is, especially in traditional families, has an importance and a concept worthy of attention (Which requires a separate research and discussion). Although it has been a French word for several years ” Gift ” For gifts such as ( souvenirs ), bright eyes, blessed be, empty space and … It is used, but the importance, quality and quantity of each one is different. Of course, there is a belief that receiving Eid from the hands of respected people ( In terms of age, status, kinship, scientific, relative etc …) Blessings, omens and ” Hand La F ” Is.
Eid greeting card
Congratulating Eid and Nowruz celebration in letters that were sent from one city to another is an old formality.. There are examples in some facilities and books of sending and letter writing, but with the popularity of printing, sending ” Eid greeting card ” which has been prepared and made available with various themes and colors, it has entered our culture. With fewer views and visits – For the reasons mentioned above – Sending greeting cards has become more popular.
April 14th
In fact, the beginning of work and activities ” new Year ” It is from April 14th. Elementary schools, high schools and universities will start from this day. It is a popular belief that traveling before 13 is bad. Many nomads have migrated since the 14th of Farvardin. The distribution of agricultural water, in some villages and many other activities, is formed from the 14th of Farvardin..
Folk beliefs
According to popular belief, the behaviors and speech during the New Year and Nowruz can have a good or bad effect on all days of the year.. We find some of these beliefs in historical books, and many other beliefs are oral, and are among the folklore of the society that have been inherited in families. :
– A person who wears new clothes during New Year and Nowruz day will be happy with his work all year.
– Run away from sadness during the year of handing over, so that sadness will be far away from you for the whole year.
– Do not take medicine on the day of Nowruz, it is bad for Yemen.
– Whoever tastes sugar and anoints himself with olive oil on the morning of Nowruz, before he speaks, will be safe from calamities throughout the year..
– Anyone who tastes honey three times and smokes three pieces of wax on the morning of Nowruz, before speaking, will be cured of any pain..
– Those who have died, once a year, during Nowruz. ” Forouhar ” They return home. So you have to clean the house, turn on the lights and so on ( By burning frankincense and incense ) It smelled good.
– A person who cries on Nowruz day will not let go of his sadness until the end of the year.
– On the day of Nowruz, one person should be ” happy Feet ” Enter the house first. Women are not graceful.
– If you are planning to travel, do not travel before 13. It is good to travel on the fourteenth day.
– Working on the thirteenth day is boring.
