Will of Cyrus the Great + Source

In historical texts, a will has been quoted from Cyrus the Great, which is full of high human concepts. Surprisingly, parts of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh bear a strange resemblance to these advices. In this article, we review the final advice of Cyrus the Great (With resources) And we will deal with its similarities to parts of Shahnameh.

Cyrus the Great's final advice in the sources

The most important source that speaks of the final advice of Cyrus the Great; "Cyrus is the letter of Grenfon".

Look at: Cyrus Xenophon's letter, book 1, section 2

In the narrations attributed to "Katzias", the final advice of Cyrus is also mentioned, but only a summary of these writings of Katzias has reached us..

See: Photius's summary of the history of Katzias, book ٨

One of the most famous sentences of Cyrus' final advice, which is recorded in "Cyrus Xenophon's letter", is the following sentences::

– The way to kidnap and close people's hearts is not with bigotry and harshness, but with compassionate treatment and grief..

Cyrus the Letter of Xenophon, Book 2, Section 1, Section 13, Translated by Abolhassan Tahami

– Love your friends, and this love will give you the strength to defeat your enemies..

Cyrus the Letter of Xenophon, Book 2, Section 1, Paragraph 28, translated by Abolhassan Tahami

– After my death, do not gild or silver my body or put it in a coffin or anything like that.. Bury it in the soil sooner. Is there a happier place than the earth to rest?! The motherland of beauties and the nanny of goodness. I have been a friend of the people all my life; I will be happy to be part of what brings good people a lot again.

Cyrus the Letter of Xenophon, Book 2, Section 1, Section 15, a mixture of the translations of Abolhassan Tohami and Khashayar Rakhsani

…

Katzias also writes:

Cyrus wished happiness to those who practice good deeds and cursed those who behave badly..

Photius Summary of the History of Katzias, Book 2, paragraph 5

Advices of Cyrus and Advices of Kaykhosrow in Shahnameh

We know that there are similarities between Cyrus and Kaykhosrow in Iranian narratives. It seems that Kaykhosrow and also Fereydoun have allusions with Cyrus the Great.

See for more information: Cyrus the Great in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh

These similarities are evident in the wills of Cyrus and Kaykhosrow. Katzias and Xenophon say about how to distribute the provinces among the successors is relatively in line with Ferdowsi's Shahnameh about Kaykhosrow.

According to Xerxes' letter to Cyrus, Cyrus gave the reign to his eldest son Cambyses.(Cambodia) He gives it to his other child, the police of the Medes, Armenians and Kadushte.

Cyrus the Letter of Xenophon, Book 2, Section 1, Section 2

Katzias says that Cyrus chose his eldest son, Cambyses, as his successor, and sat the little boy as satrap.(Ruling) Bacteria(Balkh) And Khorezm and Parth and Kermanian. He also handed over parts to other people.

Photius summarizes the history of Katzias, Book 2, verses 1 and 2

According to the Shahnameh, Kaykhosrow not only chooses Lohrasp as his successor, but also leaves the rule of parts of his country to the heroes..

Journal of Iranology, Dr. Jalal Khaleghi Motlagh

The advice given by Kaykhosrow before his death and recorded in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is very similar to the advice of Cyrus in the book of Cyrus Xenophon and in general the conditions of the end of Cyrus' life in the book of Cyrus are similar to the conditions of the end of Kaykhosrow in Shahnameh.

According to the Shahnameh, Kaykhosrow leaves the heart of the world after sixty years of kingship and asks God to call him back to himself.. After a while, Soroush appears in the dream and gives him the good news that his wish has been accepted.. When Kaykhosrow wakes up, he travels to another world after advising the elders and passing events..

Xenophon also reports that Cyrus dreamed before his death:

When Cyrus was sleeping in the palace, Tinabi (Dreamy) Saw: A facies (قیافه ای) Who was more glorious and beautiful than a human being, appeared to him in a dream: "Get ready, Cyrus, because you must go to God soon." When it tingles (Dream) It ended, Cyrus stood up and looked (In the opinion) He seemed to have more or less realized that the end of his life was near.

Cyrus the Letter of Xenophon, Book 2, Section 1, Section 2 – Translated by Khashayar Rakhsani

Although other historians have spoken of Cyrus dreaming before his death, Xerxes' advice before his death, according to Xenophon, has strange similarities with Kaykhosrow's advice in the Shahnameh..

According to Xerxes' letter to Cyrus, Cyrus was the first to speak of his victories.:

My sons and my friends, the end of my life is coming,… And when death takes me away, you must reveal by word and deed that I have been fortunate and happy.. As a child, I had all my childhood joys and victories, and as I became proud and uplifted, I took away the treasures of my youth; And I grabbed all the men's necks, … And as the years went by, I watched as my strength increased over the years, so that I did not find myself weaker in old age than in youth; And I do not remember failing to achieve what I had sought or dreamed of.. Moreover, I have made my friends happy with the treasure and desire that I have given, I have thrown and beaten the enemies.. This land of ancestors that once came to nothing in Asia, I will now open to you in a powerful way, and if you look (Opinion) Let us know what great victories have embraced me, we will know that I have not been defeated.

Cyrus then speaks of his fear:

Throughout my life, my days passed as I had hoped, the fear that always accompanied me was that one day I would set out on a perverse and demonic path, and this fear did not cause me to express myself as great, or to rejoice so much. To be foolish. …My wish is for people to think I am successful, and to remember me well.

Cyrus Xenophon's letter, book 1, section 1, paragraphs 6, 4 and 2 – Translated by Abolhassan Tahami

According to Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Kaykhosrow thinks like this when he dies:

He washed on this species for many years / The world became all king

He became full of thoughts about John Shah / It's going to work and that device

He said the same: Everywhere from Abad Boom / From India and China inside to Rome

Both from Khavaran to the west / From mountains and deserts and from dry and wet

I was emptied all over / I was commanded and sometimes fogged

The world became fearless / I spent a lot of days

I wished for everything from God / And if my heart went to Kane Taft

And then he talks about his fear:

My mind should not be flour / Consciousness and the cult of learner

I do not like such laughter and jam / Who came to Zam with a net and a helmet…

I thank God for an ungrateful time / Clearly fluent in the panic logo

ز من بزسلد فره ایزدی / Grim to crooked and bad way

From then on, I will go through that darkness / My head and officer fall to the ground

Stay in the universe, the land of bad name / The same before God, bad end

Evil this flesh and the color of rakan / Pour into the soil inside the bone

Art be reduced, ingratitude instead / The psyche remained dark to the other house

Someone Took My Throne / Bring me my luck

I have a bad name left / The flowers of old sufferings are thorns

I now wanted Choo Kane the father / Make the world well

I killed the one who should have been killed / Which is crooked and large with the way of God

There is no tree left to be destroyed / That the charter of my fortune does not read

As we see in both reports, first there is talk of expanding power and victory over the enemies and achieving all the wishes and desires, and then in the end, there is talk of fear.. The fear that Kaykhosrow and Cyrus talk about at the time of death is the fear of being caught in the clutches of pride and selfishness caused by gaining too much power, lest they be led to ingratitude, and the demonic nature of this action is quoted in both reports..

Thanks to Dr. Jalal Khaleghi Motlagh, Journal of Iranology

These commonalities in the sources make the existence of such advices from Cyrus probable; However, some sentences may be confronted with Emma and If because historians have expressed what they have heard.. In any case, regardless of whether these advices were proposed by Cyrus or not; There seems to be an Iranian wisdom behind this will. The sentences of these advices are very wise and make a person think and strive for improvement..

Themes :

Ferdowsi. Shah nameh.

گزنفون. Translator: ابوالحسن تهامی. Based on the English translation by Henry Graham Dakyns). The life of Cyrus (Cyrus Letter Cyropedia). second edition. Tehran: Negah Publications, ١٣٨٩

گزنفون(symphony). Translator: Khashayar Rakhsani. Biography of Cyrus the Great (Cyrus Letter Cyropedia). Iranshahr Research Association

Photius. Translator: Kamyabi Khalili. Summary of the history of Katzias from Cyrus to Ardashir(Known as the Summary of Photius). First Edition. Tehran: Karang Publications, 2

Help letters :

The glory of the Absolute Creator. Journal of Iranian Studies. Seventh year, spring 24, no

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Taken from Ahura Campus