The pseudonym of the Caspian Sea (Caspian Sea or Caspian Sea?)

At the beginning of the 7th century AD, two great tribes in the northCaucasusThey lived. One of these two peoples was the "Bulgarians" and the other was the "Khazars" who lived in the lower plains of the Terek and Volga rivers..

In other words, this people lived in the distance between the northwest of this sea and the Black Sea. These were people of the yellow race (to the yellow hound) who were engaged in desert wandering and galloping in the neighboring countries, and often towards the "Kura" river valley (Old Cyrus) were coming. In the wars that have been going on for years 589 And 630-626 Miladi happened, the fate of "Khazran" and the inscription of "Khan Ashina" became closely connected. Therefore, in the writings of Roman and Iranian historians, the names "Turk" and "Khazar" appear next to each other.. The "Khazarans" wanted to monitor the "Silk Road" and use this route in trade relations with Eastern Rome. (Byzantium) get a lot of profit. This is the reason for the union of "Khazars" with "Turks"..

Later, during the time of "Khosro Anushirvan" and also during the reign of "Hormoz" IV, "Khosro" II, and "Kovaz" II until the end of the Sassanid Empire, "Khazarans" or "Khazars", who were enemies of Iran since a long time, faced each other. The Ottoman Turks and the Romans fought with the Sassanid army and oppressed the people of the Caucasus and Iran at that time.. Building large fortifications such as the city of "Darband" or (door of doors) It is still standing in the North Caucasus during the Sasanian era, which was done to prevent "Khazaran" invasions and bandits..

The modern phoneme of the word "Caspian Sea" generally goes back to the time of Russian occupation during the Qajar period and the shortening of the Iranians' hand from this sea.. According to Enayatullah Reza, "Khazarans" were a people who came to the North Caucasus during the time of Khosrow Anushirvan in the 6th century AD, and generally lived in the middle and southern part of the Volga River. This has nothing to do with the North Sea of ​​Iran and the distance of the "Caspian" people to this sea was very long.

Referring to his investigations to find out the reason for naming the North Sea of ​​Iran as "Caspian" and bringing the name "Caspian" in Arabic texts, he believes: "In my investigations in old texts, I noticed that until the 4th century AH, the name "Caspian" was not given to the North Sea of ​​Iran at all.. For example, in the book "Khwarizmi" and "Ibn Fadlan's travel book" there is no name of "Khazar" at all. During the Bani Umayyad period, when the Arab rulers took the "Caucasus", the opposite group of the "Caspian", which was united with Eastern Rome and Byzantium, was not yet fully formed and was looting; He attacked the Arabs through the Ker River. Because the Arabs attacked from the "Ker" river, they thought that they came to this river from the sea, so they deduced that this sea is the "Caspian" sea.. For this reason, it was called "Caspian Sea" based on the sayings; While this name has also been said on several other seas.

In the texts that we see in Arabic, we don't see the name "Khazar" at all until the 4th century AH.. The name "Caspian" was mentioned for the first time in the book "Limits of the World" and next to the name of the sea "Jurjan", "Tabarstan" and other names, but there was no reason to call this sea "Caspian".. However, in the old Islamic and Western texts, the two old and famous names of the "Hyrkani" sea of ​​Gorgan, which later in the Islamic period were called "Jarjaniyeh" by the Arabs, and "Caspian Sea" do not exist..

In addition to naming the "Hyrkan" sea or the "Caspian" sea, the word "Keshvin" (Qazvin) It is also seen in historical writings. According to another point of view, "Qazvin", which is the Arabic and Greek word "Caspian", is the name of this largest lake in the world..

This name is also used by Arab countries in the form of "Bahr al-Qazvin".. In Urdu, this sea is also called "Qazvin Sea"..

Therefore, while the world, even the Persian Gulf countries, call the name of this beautiful sea in the north of Iran, "Caspian" or Mazandaran, using the word "Caspian", which is reminiscent of a group of cave-dwelling bandits, is a behavior It is illegal, obscene and anti-Iranian, and we should try to avoid using the word "Caspian".….