In the middle of the 2nd century AD, Claudius Ptolemy left writings about the geography of the known world, and later in the late 15th century in Rome, they prepared maps based on those writings, which are used to identify the names and signs of ancient cities and many modern cities. Among other things, it helps a lot in the case of Iran. This research, which cannot be perfect, is trying to identify these cities and towns:

Names of Aran cities (Caucasus Albania) In Ptolemaic maps

Names of Agvani/Albania/Aran cities (land of fire) In the Ptolemaic map with the comparable current and former areas, they are of this order: Taguda (tavuz)Samia (Shamkur), Bakchia (= place of wealth, Ganja), to shake (Dashaksan), look (Noja)Albina (White place, Aghdam)Music (Kazakh)Samonis (Somgayt)Porte, Albania (the door)Most of the time (Berzanj), Prusa (in the flesh), Gayatra (Gokje)Adibella (Amishli)Mamechia (Minghe Chaur), Albania (= Location of Alov/Ash, Baku), Alamos (The village)Shadasha (Shabran), Samina (Shamakhi), Skashina (Doubt), Togwa (Qara Chokhor, Shirvan), gaifon (Koba), Sanina (In Sanskrit it means pitted, Naft Chala)Garbage (Kiss), Kubota (Kobachi), Messiah (Marza), Ubola (Jolach), Iona (Av-Yone, Ayona/Mohal Chesme, Bulag), embola (Belqan), Osaka (And Dubad)Arsaratha (Astara), Sakalbena (eight feathers) and Cholvata (yearly).

Historical geography of Azerbaijan in Ptolemaic maps

In these maps, accidentally in the place of Lake Urmia under the name of Margianeh (= attributed to Maragheh) It has been done and it has been drawn in a corner of Gilan, which should be due to the report of the source of Qarangu river (The western branch of Qizil Ozen/Safid River) It happened that it flows from Mount Sahand near Lake Urmia. Cities like Moronda/Mandagara (die) and Frasp (Takht Suleiman)Zauzaka (The place of whispering and praying, Kharagu)Saras (Mahal Sarai, Saraskand, with courtyard) and Nazada (cash) They are also imagined in the Gilan region. Another mistake is that Azerbaijan is depicted not under its own name, but as a part of small Armenia, which is in the center with the three cities of Tarva. (The location of the fort, Tarbiz/Tabriz), matostana (Wine place, Dehkhawargan/Azershahr) and Zorzava (Strong place, Dozdozan = fortress of fortresses) On the eastern side of Little Armenia, they are distinct. Regarding the last two cities, it should be said that even during the Arab era, writers Musa bin Isa Kasravi and Hassan bin Ali Hamdani went to Maragheh in the middle of the third century to research ancient Iranian chronicles, and the treasure of Shichikan (Avesta is kept in the mosque of Chikan village) It is located 10 kilometers southeast of Maragheh. About Zuzva (In the position of Gati-Kat-Ran) It should be mentioned that it means the temple of Ghazna city (The place of religious hymns, Kharagu) It was in Maragheh in 12 Farsakh, which Yaqut Hamavi informed about its existence. Zorzava distance (As a seamstress) It is more than this amount. In the south of Azerbaijan, the names of three cities are Anarium (Unlimited and wide) And and Sigweh (Seokuh, place of profit and tribute) and quietly (Place of grapes) It can be seen that, respectively, with Urmia (Urmiate/Ancient Aramaite meaning a prominent and extensive place) and Saujblag (Mahabad, the place of tribute and profit) and owners (Angoran, place of grapes) they match. And on the north side of Azerbaijan, the name of two cities of Sugosara (Caravan rest and sleeping house) and Kubina (Kupina means the place of springs and wells and navel) They correspond to Shabster and Khiyav, respectively: Based on the fact that the Kambouzes river of Azerbaijan in Ptolemy maps is the same as the Baliqli river of Ardabil tea, and at its source is a city [probably with the same name as its river] is marked, so the name Kambozis/Kambojis means the place of prosperity, here it has something to do with the same name Ert Wet (In Sanskrit, it means the fortress of success and aspiration) It means that it has the name Ardabil in Armenian sources. Another name of Ardabil is Bazan Firouz (Fortress of victory and success) It also means the same. From here, it is clear that the name of Ardabil in the form of Arte-ville/Ardebil actually meant the city and fortress of success.. These meanings of the old names of Ardabil have made it appear there in the Shahnameh under the name Dezh Bahman (nice house) with Nineveh (Pleasant and pleasant city) which by Kikhusro (Kiakhsar, Hokhashtra) Conquered, suspected. In the Ptolemaic maps, there is another city called Kobina on the northeast side of East Azerbaijan (Good spring city) It can be seen that it is reminiscent of the street (Good water fountain) It is in Pishkin/Mishkin side of the city.

Areas located in the southwest of the Mazandaran Sea in Ptolemaic maps

Far and near areas and this area itself as the Caspian state (The meaning of Qazvin district) and Kadusi (Gilan and Gestasfi) and Kardokhi (Kurdistan) and Marundi (Dead Azerbaijan) They have mentioned that most of the names can be identified and matched with some current areas of these areas. The names of these cities with comparable names are as follows:

١- In the Caspian region (Manzoor district said [Ancient dog worshipers/Segsarans, ancestors of the Tats] Qazvin, Zanjan, northern areas of Hamadan) Around the Qizil Ozen river, which is the Siros river (Cyrus means flood) Been called: Varambara (Famenin), Tigrana (The location of the winning weapon = Zinokan, Zanjan)Gavazin (Qazvin) And Alusa (Top). Considering that the name of Sefid Roud here comes from the name of a tribe there, Amardos, so it seems that the name of Sefid Roud is originally [of]Sepi River (Caspian river = dog lover) have been.

٢- The following names can be seen by the sea in Kadusi area: Gabala (Kiss), Sanina (oil well), Osa (The place of the spring, Will Van), Nanda (I will not), Vasaba (Peleswar), Tazina/Cadosian Fortress (New Abad), otherwise (The place of wealth and happiness, Hrovabad/Khalkhal), Gabris (warm or givi), instrument (Sangir)Sandys (his), zalasa (cluster), Korna (side by side)Amana (Amin Abad), Thasasra (A house in the shade, a monastery) and Siropolis (The cure trick).

٣- The regions of Azerbaijan with Aras and Qarangu rivers are attributed to this region: Morunda (die)Tunzarma (Dzmar)Fanasepe (The breeding place of Stur, Goge Qala Hashtroud)Come on[And]Zaga (Chashmezari place, Zenouz), Zazaga (Place of request called, Kharajo) And Saras (Suraskand).

۴- on the west side towards Margianeh lake (Orumieh) from Kardokhi areas (Kurdistan) Two cities are mentioned: don't (cash) and Arcis Ka (The place of the goat totem-bearing people/Saka, Saqqez).

Med-Caspian in Ptolemaic maps

In the Ptolemaic maps prepared in Germany, the names of more places can be seen than in the map of Petros de Tour in Rome in 1490.. The names of these cities with their comparable areas are as follows:

Vadhappa/Phadappa (shovel rider), Nanda (I will not), Gabris (warm or givi), Fraspa / Praspa (Takht Suleiman), Korna (side of the head), Zalase (cluster)Amana (Amin Abad)Akola (the bottleneck)Oracana (The lower place, Anzali)Gala (Kelsar Anzali)Mandagarsis (Permanent water, Rasht), Funaka (Fuman)Elikadra (Lahijan). Aganzana (Qazvin)Bettina (Buin Zahra), Vasaspa (Asfaran)Nigoza (Hidden at the bottom, Kamijan)Razonda (resin), wonka (Venk, in the southeast of Kamijan), Sanais (sanguine), Travasca (Tarzabad), Chuan (wooden), Aradis (Ara Qala)Kokastra (Khawand)Gorimana (Fermihan)Ecbatana (Hamedan), Nefawanda (the musician)Zanya (Sanijan)Arozis (wishful), Rahaspa (Anchorage), Gripa (Garmab or Qara Tepe), dotted it (Jozan), Segbana (the salmon)Arshakiya (استاد), say it (Qorveh in the south of Rozen)Heraklia (Hrayin), Larassa (Laljin)Gabina (Kedar)Dariausa (Has a spring, Bonab), Sinkar/Zinkar (Ancient Kor Zaino = the place of the winning weapon, Zanjan), Elisdasa (Arsht), Mandagara (moon sign), Finaspa (Spawn storage place, Goja Qala/Gao-ja Dej)Zazaka (abscesses)Arsisaka (The place of sanctifying people of Bezkohi, Saqqez)Alinza (Shah of Iran), Bethia (Anxious), Kabarsa (Qaroo)Zaranis (Sirish Abad Qorveh), Paracha (Spring), Thabargeh Karin (Sanqar), Tiberkana (Toisarkan)Andreaka (Shops), Clouca (Karmajikan), Argaro Des (virgin), parents (Abraashtian)Aradrifa (Kashan)Aradrifa (Kashan)Taotike (Garmsar), Zerma (smart), Europe (Re).

The distance between the cities of Rasht next to Derbikan region to Sari in Ptolemaic maps

Mandagarsis (Marsh spring location), Aligadara (Place of gluing and weaving), twenty-seven (Located in the chest), left (place of river), Fanaka (Place of food and fruit), Saga (a stone), sramana (Sarai Mandadi and Saroji) and Marosa (A place full of springs and water) which respectively with Rasht (Abnak wetland location)Lahijan (Silk fabric weaving place)Sangan (Located in the chest), Rudbar, Foman (Place of fruit and food)The butler of the hat (stone fortress), Sari (Strong place and Saroji) and Amal (The place of strong water) they match.

The names of the cities of Hyrcania (Gorgan) In Ptolemaic maps

The following areas are mentioned from east to west: super sighted (A huge building)Asmuria (sharp place)Hyrcania (place of interest), Misoka (Big spring)Sigin (Beautiful place), Caspa (Bright lookout), surba (strong)Adriaspa (The place of taming sp) and barangay (Loading place). These cities can be compared with the following cities and villages respectively: Strabad (Abadi Satreg, Gorgan Hali)What are you going to do? (narrow nose), the ruins of the ancient city of Gorgan next to Kaus Dome, Koklan, Kaus Dome, Sufiyan, Ramyan and Benavar.

The names of the cities of Ray region in Ptolemy's geography

On the Ptolemaic maps, the names of these areas can be seen from north to south: Travaya (The place of defense and victory)Avradis (upper), Caspian Gate, Zarima (green head), Europas (It has a large water fountain), Sigrianika, Abasena (back place), Tautika (hot place), Kanata (The location of the reservoir), argaros desa (Valuable place), Clavasa, Andrea (inner, middle) and Aradrifa (happy place) which respectively correspond to these current areas: Firouzkoh, Damavand, Tarvazkhar, Zarand, Raghe/Ray city (Excellent spring location), Saveh, Abar Ashtian (Reconciliation), Garmsar, Qom, Varjan, Karamejgan, Mahalat and Kashan (The place of the dream mansion).

Names of cities in Lorestan region in Ptolemaic maps

In the Ptolemaic maps between Ragha region (Re) and Sagarty (Kermanshah) From Singyan district (Shen-Gian, Palace Botany) It is mentioned that according to the same district of Lorestan (The location of the trees) Is. In that place the cities of Aliza, Gabina (Protected place)Zaranis (Zabran-S, Mahal Bulandi Tawana), Sabrasa and [come on]Larasa is shown to be respectively with Elshtar, Borujerd (The place of the roundabout), the place of Falak-ul-Aflak fortress, Khorramabad, Shapoorkhasat (How old are you?) and oligoders are comparable.

Names and signs of the areas of Sagarti region (Kermanshah) In Ptolemaic maps

It is interesting that on the map the name of the region is Sagarti (Cave dweller and stoner) and its Zagros mountain (Zakari-Os = high mountain) Here they are different. That is, the name of Zagros is not derived from the name of Sagarti, contrary to the prevailing opinion. Only the names of three cities are mentioned here, which can be easily identified. Bethaya (holy house)Karina (stone place) and Tehbarga (Tawi-ber-ka, the place of the winning weapon) which respectively with twenty (God's house, the ancient house of Ba'an), Kar-Mithin (Mahal Sangi, Kermanshan/Kermanshahan) and slow down (WINNER'S TOOL LOCATION, ANCIENT QUARINT/KIRNTACH) they match.

On the northwest side of Sagarti, on the other side of the mountain, the names of the cities of Bane, Sisare (Siser, Sanandaj), given (Shop?)Zigira (Zolan?) And Europe (Dates?) are seen.

Isfahan areas (Partakane) In the Ptolemaic map of 1490

And then (Golpayegan or Borujen)Mardisna (Marshnan), Tanagra (Tirana), Kaban (Gaba of Isfahan?)Miss his fathers (Big city, Mime?)Swara (Samir), aspadana (Esfahan)Blue (Abyaneh)Puti Kara (Arjan), Ozoa (Aegean)Axima (= Ekoh Zimeh, foothills). Finally, Tenagos Arnesus is a port by the Persian Gulf (It means a very magnificent place, Bushehr port). It seems to mean the land of high wood export, which was called Tilmun by the Sumerians (The location of the magnificent and perfect tree, Teal: Kamel, mun = tree) has had, the same city of Bushehr (Bush-shahr = beautiful and magnificent city) and the forest area behind him between Isfahan and Bushehr (The ancient lian of the Elamites) have been.

An unusual opinion about the names of Shiraz and Pars

In the Ptolemaic maps of Iran, which show the location of the old cities of the Ptolemaic era, the name of Persepolis is seen as a residential city near Shiraz.. While Takht Jamshid itself (Parse Palace) In this covenant, the city was not significant, and this issue raises the question whether the city of Parse/Perspolis itself was not Shiraz.. The two derivations of Sanskrit-Greek and Persian are Paris[R]- The police (Grape city) and shi-raz (Place of grapes) They also raise the seriousness of this opinion. Because it is possible that the Iranian form of the Sanskrit word presser (grape) It was more similar to Press, which was taken as one with Pars. It is very likely that the story of the vine growing in Astyages' dream related to the discovery of Cyrus, indicates that the name Pars itself (In Sanskrit it means a tree with moist growth) It is taken to mean plantain or grape: According to Herodotus: “In the first year of the marriage of Mandana and Cambogia, King Astyages of the Medes dreamed that a vine grew from his daughter Mandana's womb, the foliage of which covered all of Asia.”. It is said in a news about the Greeks that I did not find the original source “The golden vine that wraps around the golden sycamore in the dormitory of the Achaemenid kings was the symbol of the Achaemenid kings.”. Based on this, Jamshid himself in the name of Takht “Jamshed” (I'm afraid) as “Jumbo[That] I feared him” In Sanskrit and Avesta, it means the place of the shining seedless grape. Even the name of Ahura Mazda in the form of Ahura Medda means the god of the creator of May, and this means that Ahura Mazda was originally the tribal god of wine and grapes of the Persians.. Varuna is introduced in the Vedas as the omniscient god of the night sky, in this sense he is similar to Ahriman, the god of the dark world.. But in having Maya (The magical power of knowledge) with Ahura Mazda (Great knowledge server) becomes one. Twin of Varuna, Varuni the goddess of wine (Madiya, Sora) and the twin of Ahriman is Ahuramazda. From here we also come to Ahura Mazda being the god of wine in ancient times. Therefore, the name of the governing tribe of Parsis is Pasar- Gadian means the people of the land of grapes (Parisar-Gadian) Or it means the worshipers of the plantain tree. It is considered upside down (Basically, it means the sky surrounding everything) In Iranian languages, they could be measured with the words upside down and anti, so it is clear that the title is Angre Mino (bad nature) Ahriman and the title of the good god Ahuramazda came from the same meaning. In general, it is clear that plantain is the national symbol of Parsis (Pasargadian) And the vine has been the symbol of their national god of happiness and wine, Ahura Mazda. In Sanskrit pRthu means huge, which is an adjective of plantain, it could be the main meaning of Pars in the concept of plantain.. This issue is also that Cyrus II is the ancestor of Cyrus III (According to Herodotus) In Avesta nicknamed Birch (Tu-os = tall, strong, stout) It can be referring to the same meaning of the name of Pars, which means the name of his people. Henrik Samuel Nyberg took the name of Atossa, the daughter of Cyrus III, to mean plump.

The cities of Pars region in Ptolemaic maps

The names of these cities are similar to their comparable cities: Puryospana (Yasuj), Potikara (Clean place, Arjan)Arde A (ducks), Tarragona (Three Springs/Ka-Theron, Kazerun), Taipa (A place located on a hill, Borazjan)Urobatis (The place of wide coastal shelves, Siraf)Rogo Manis (late), Una (Kangan), Parta (province), Churodna (Khormuj), Matuna (Maymand Firozabad), Taoka (crowned)Gabra (Jahram)Batsina (Fasa), Korra (bitumen)Sinai (Simcan)Arboa (Sarvistan), Kaiofiaka (Kufri)Persepolis (Shiraz/Takht Jamshid), Nesirga (Nagaristan)Marhasium (Marvdasht)Sikta (Swimming pool/swimming pool), Kotamba (Estheban)Paradon (Darab), Passaracacha (way), cow (Joey), Uzziah (Geese)Mamida (Lamard)Brisouana (Bastak), Bagrada (Lengeh seaport).

The names of the cities of Ahvaz and Iraq in Ptolemaic maps

The south of Khuzestan has been called Sumerian Kisiya since ancient times (lower land) It has been read and this board is also preserved in Ptolemaic maps. In these maps, there is a city called Eno in Kisiya region- letter (In ancient Iranian languages, it means the lower place) can be seen. From this, it is clear that the name Ahvaz is from the Sanskrit and Avestan forms of अवाज (placed at the bottom) has been taken.

About the name of the city and land of Iraq, it should be said that, except that this name is seen as the city of Arak in Ptolemaic maps, on a Babylonian Aramaic cup of the late Sasanian era, it is also mentioned as the city and land of Irag along with the name of Mishan.. The name Erak in the Akkadian and Assyrian dictionaries means the green head area. Therefore, the Iranian translation of Kaskar (Green and cultivated area) In the Islamic era, this city was referred to in the south of Mesopotamia.

Names and signs of Khuzestan cities in Ptolemaic maps

Khuzestan in Ptolemaic maps with three names Aldimai, Chaldapits (Haltamati) and Kisia (lower land) has been specified. It shows the names of these cities from north to south: Bergan (Place of interest and fruit, Dezful), Susa (Susa), Agarra (An advanced and decent city / Shaishtar, Shushtar), Silla (The location of the mansion, Ram Hormoz), now (lower place) which is equivalent to Avesta and Sanskrit meaning (The location is listed below) It is Ahvaz. The name Ewaz Fars also seems to have the same meaning. Tarianya (A place of passage, a passage that is spelled Mahramrah, Khorramshahr), Expensive (The place of prayer songs) which in Arabic to Ibadan (place of believers) Translated (Abadan). On the other side of Arvand River, named Pasini (Decorated and beautiful) matches his sight (Just sit back) It means very beautiful in Khorasan region (Snacks place) Is.

Arabic language meaning “Lowering” It indicates that the name of Khuzestan is originally a translation of the Sumerian name Kisia (lower land) It is found in Semitic languages. Regarding the conversion of Khaf to Khuz, Ali Al-Qaeda letters should be mentioned “ف” And “Z” Semitic languages ​​in Persian “And” And “Z” Has become. The old Iranian Avesta name there also means Varna- which is the birthplace of Fereydoun (Kourosh) considered- can be as “the door- straw” It means the land of the lower side.

Names of Parthian cities (Semnan and Khorasan) In Ptolemaic maps

The names of these cities are similar to their current cities: Dordomana (A refuge and a difficult place, Derzin)Arsianeh (Bezkohi place, Ahvan)Amberdax (Chonbare Niromand, Amirieh Damghan)Hecatum Pylon (Qoms ruins near Damghan), Karipraka (Kharghan), resident (Chariot/Chakhre place, Shahrood)Parbareh (Goats)Sophis (Persud Spring, Tos), Misia / May Nisaya (neyshabour), Sendaga (A pleasing and rich place, Shahmirzad), Samina (Semnan)Aspa[ک] (Ashgabat), Apamiya (roof), Chawana (Janabad/Gonabad)Passagretia (Beautiful city, Beshravieh[very beautiful]), Rhuda (Firdous), Artakana (Back place, scanner)Apfa[one] (with one)Bhaga (Place of wealth, Faizabad), Armenia (Freeman), testakha (Has sparkling water, Zaveh/Torbat Heydariyeh), Sampsymdia (six), Marija [ore](career), Rahogaya (Raqqa).

Names of cities and towns in Kerman (Kerman and Hormozgan) In Ptolemaic maps

The names of these cities and towns with their comparable counterparts are as follows: Portospana (Rafsanjan), Taspis (Bradsir)Karmana (Kerman), Sabis (Sirjan), Kopahanta (old man), Teruaska (jirovt), Oroa (Fahraj)Alexandria (The bomb)Chuda/Khuda (Shahr Khushi, Narmashir), Mercury (Pehl), Kasarapitch (Gachin), to come (Kulqan), Napista (half the job)Tersiana (Ready)Hormuz (next to minab), Komana (Kendall), Rahogan (Ziart Kle), Savalos (Sirik)Masin (Kirkushki), the third (Tojak), Hydriacus (Bonji Musky), the quiz (blessed mountain), because (Zirkoh), Kophan Zurumba (military land)Padmusarna (old man).

The cities of Gedrosia (Balochistan) In Ptolemaic maps

The mentioned areas with their comparable cities and towns are of this order: Rahriga (Rig), Mola Rome (gordum), Coimbatore (Kanarak or Chabahar), Rehizana (Goiter), Bones (fly, fly), Omeez (soldier)Susyanka (Shaston/Iranshahr), Oscana (The location of the spring/kha-shi, Khash), Kotobara (Jalek), Mosarna (was going), sir (In time), butt (Goonij)Parsis (Pehra/Iranshahr)Arbis (Very eloquent, Bampur).

Margianeh region in Ptolemaic maps

This area includes from Mero to North Gorgan. The names of these cities and their comparable areas are as follows: Margiana (Maro), Antiochia (Antioch, northwest of Meru), always (Tajin), Argadina (archman)Freemasonry (on the ground), Ariaka (Yarja), her opinions (Artiq)Come on (Magnificent city/Asak, Ashgabat city), Guryana (Kara Gan), not (Nisai North of Khorasan)Oriana (Qizil Arvat)Heard (Sangan or Sanqli/ Hasanqli).

In the Ptolemaic maps in Marghianeh area (Maro)On the side of the Mazandaran Sea, the name of the Eka River can be seen, which is written as Darbek in other places, citing Ptolemy.. From here, it can be seen that the region of Marghianeh valley is towards the sea of ​​Mazandaran (In the valley of the Qara Qom Haliye channel between Merv and Mazandaran sea) sit at the door (Dari/Dropic/Persian Scythian region of Haomeh) have been.

The names of the cities of Sogd in Ptolemaic maps

The names of these ancient cities with their comparable cities today are from this: Istobara (Strong barrow, Atarar)Tribactera (style), Alexandria Oxiane (Skifghan, a city on the side of Keshke river branch near the ancient city of Sabz/Kesh), Indikomurdana (Mah Sarwar, Ay Khanum next to Amu Darya on the Kunduz side)After Metropolis (Big city of Mah and Sharara Atash, Washgerd, Dushanbe)Oxyane (Whisper), Mruka (Markande, Samarkand), Cholobsena (With very impressive mansions, Bukhara), Siros Police (Benjikth, Uratpe in Esroshane), Alexandria Extreme (Far away Alexandria, Khojnd) and Enises (Andijan).

Comparing the current regions of Afghanistan with its ancient cities in Ptolemaic maps

My personal preliminary research in this chapter, according to the correspondence of Ptolemaic maps and modern maps and linguistic adaptations, has led to such results, which can be more complete with criticism and correction.. There must be mistakes in writing the names of current places due to the lack of access to local maps:

١- Arya region (Heart): In the center of Aria city (Heart) And in the north, the following cities can be seen, which are similar to their comparable cities and towns: Desta (dash capri)Bitaxa (market board)Avgara (Kariz Elias)Ambrodox (Blue Rahuk), Bogadia (Karabagh), Sarmagana (Chamani Beit)Namaris (Maruchak)Sifara (Gouraman), tawa (the mountains), Rahaugara (Caesar), Gudana (Gozen), Zamuchana (Qizil Bullak), Chatrischa (Turgandi), Chavrina (bandit), Warpana (Javed), Furawa (Sarpol)Artikavanda (Kadesh)Alexandria, Aria region (Sharif patrol), Astana (Without), Taochina (Krokh), Orthiana (old hut), Kaputana (Kush)Barbasana (silver mountain), Arya (Heart). In the south of Aria, from north to south, the following cities are located: Costa (Chagcharan), Orbitana/Orticana (water), Nebis (town)Darkama (flagman)Sotira (Sarmalan), Sariga (Pashtun Zargoon)Parkanaka (Pahre Kariz), Kotaka (Sagar)Tribasina (theory), Astasana (Golestan) and Zimira (Old mothers).

٢- Parupanisad area (Eastern Afghanistan) Its cities are comparable to its current cities and towns: The following cities can be seen from north to south: Barzura (profitably), Arturta (side), Parsiana (Panjhir), paporana (Parwan)Katisa (Kapisa)Nifanda (Mangalpur), Gawazaka (Karabagh)Drastuka (wall neck)Persia (Mirbaghcha), Tarbakana (Stallif), Navalris (Midasher), Cabora (Kabul)Durakana (Jagdalik), Cholarna (Jalal Abad) and Arguda (swollen).

٣- The following cities can be seen in Darangyana region, which are similar to its current areas: Arikada (Rasa location, Hossin Abad/Zabul), Kesarksiara (Silver)Ariaspa (Arab), Nustana (Neshik/Chakhansur)Asta (itch), Rhuda (Harut Road), these (Joyen), Profesiasa (farah), Farazana (Four turrets), Bagis (Castle Bust) And Arana (Goran).

۴- In Arachosia region, the following cities can be seen, which are similar to its current areas: Damana (grass), Asiaka (Shinki), cigars (Shenge), Arecaca (Safa city), Rehizana (Riggy)Alexandria (Alexandria, Sang), Azula/Ozula (Uruzgan), Khoasp (Terin Kut), Gamaka (Kandahar), Maliana (how much), Arachotus (Arghandab)Arbaka (Karabagh) and fossils (Musa Qala).

۵- In the bacterial zone (Balkh) The following areas can be seen that are similar to cities and villages: Chomora (Shaburgan)Ibusmowanassa/tosmowanassa (Place of spiritual satisfaction, Bamyan)Alichorda (Black Jared), Charachatra (At-Tirmidh)Zarispa (Mazar-e-Sharif)Maruka (rod)Kavaris (Vervaliz), Astakana (Angoor place, Estana/Mozr)Coriandra (Charcoal)readable (the pen), Manapia (UnderApp)Eucratida (Eucratide, stool)Regia bacteria (Balkh Shahistan), Surogana in the south of Balkh (Celebration Venue, Khulusi-Sin Tsizian Chinese Sources, Samngan)Frato (Farkhlum), Marakudra (Band Amir) and Markanda (Mar-kanda, very branched, Punjab).

Samangan (The place of loving and joyful pious worshipers of the holy image) It must be the same as Ibak (E-bak in Avesta means someone or something to be considered as God) Be. Because it is interesting that the word saman in Samangan in Sanskrit is in the form of saman, which means festival, wedding, and gathering, and in the form of saman, it means loving and pleasant words.. It is probably from here that Samangan is considered the wedding place of Rostam, the epic hero of Shahnameh. Aibak in the form of Abhika in Sanskrit means happiness.

Ptolemaic map of ancient cities (minus the northwest region) It can be accessed at this address:

http://members.casema.nl/h.vandeukeren/histotron/086n32sc05.htm

This article is a research by Mr. Javad Mofard Kohlan