Dictionary-led research tool

Explore Old Persian cuneiform in both directions.

Convert modern Persian or scientific transliteration into cuneiform, or read cuneiform with an English dictionary gloss and scientific transliteration. Historical results are limited to documented evidence.

Enter scientific Latin transliteration using characters such as ā, ī, ū, š, θ, and ç. 9 / 200 characters
Research result

Script, transliteration, and gloss

Attested in Old Persian
This input matches more than one documented entry or inflected form; choose the intended evidence.

𐎧𐏁𐎨𐎶

xšaçam

empire

Documented dictionary evidence for xšaçam.

Exact dictionary entry match 31 documented occurrences in the active release Dictionary entry
Translation and review status

Dictionary entry gloss

Curated dictionary entry

empire

Unresolved tokens
None

Documented attestations

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎧xaPhonogram
  2. 𐏁šaPhonogram
  3. 𐎨čaPhonogram
  4. 𐎶maPhonogram
Corpus release: 2026-08-15Parser: titus-html-v2.0.0Source hash: b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7