Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB1.)

DB1. · 42

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎠𐎥𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎥𐎼𐎶𐎱𐎭𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏒𐏒𐏒𐏒𐏑 𐏐 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐎲𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎰𐎣𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁/𐏂𐎶
Transliteration: : a-g-r-b-a-y-t-a : g-r-m-p-d-h-y : m-a-h-y-a : 2-2-2-2-1 : r-u-c-b-i-š : ϑ-k-t-a : a-h : a-v-ϑ-a : x-š-/ç-m
Transcription: : agarbāyatā : Garmapadahya : māhyā : 9 : raucabiš : ϑakatā : āha : avaϑā : xšaçam
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 42

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:10

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

seize · 4th month · month · [2-2-2-2-1] · day · pass · be · so · empire

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 2-2-2-2-1, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 42
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎠𐎥𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹𐎫𐎠a-g-r-b-a-y-t-a	grab	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for agṛbāyatā; English gloss: seize. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎥𐎼𐎶𐎱𐎭𐏃𐎹g-r-m-p-d-h-y	Garmapada	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Garmapadahya; English gloss: 4th month. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐎶𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠m-a-h-y-a	māh-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for māhyā; English gloss: month. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐏒𐏒𐏒𐏒𐏑2-2-2-2-1	—	No analysis recorded
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐎼𐎢𐎨𐎲𐎡𐏁r-u-c-b-i-š	rau̯cah-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for rau̯cabiš; English gloss: day. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
12	𐎰𐎣𐎫𐎠ϑ-k-t-a	θak	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for θakatā; English gloss: pass. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
14	𐎠𐏃a-h	ah	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for āha; English gloss: be. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
15	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
16	𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠a-v-ϑ-a	avaθā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for avaθā; English gloss: so. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
17	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
18	𐎧𐏁/𐏂𐎶x-š-/ç-m	xšaça-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšaçam; English gloss: empire. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB1. 42

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

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TITUS Old Persian corpus

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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