Old Persian cuneiform dictionary

Explore words through their script, meaning, and evidence.

Each entry is a documented research record: cuneiform, transliteration, meaning, searchable forms, attested context, and licensed inscriptional imagery.

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1,316 published entries4 entries with images

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1,316 entries

𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣

Attested in Old PersianPhrase or text fragment

Attested sentence; word glosses: Xerxes I, king of Persia · king · great

Xšayaṛšā xšāyaθiya vazṛkaOpen full entry

𐎢𐎺𐎿𐎱𐎶

Attested in Old PersianInflected or attested form

with good horses

uvaspāmOpen full entry

𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐏃𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐎨 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹

Attested in Old PersianPhrase or text fragment

Attested sentence; word glosses: Xerxes I, king of Persia · king · great · Darius I, king of Persia · son · Achaemenid

Xšayaṛšā xšāyaθiya vazṛka xšāyaθiya xšāyaθiyānām Dārayavahau̯š xšāyaθiyahyā puça HaxāmanišiyaOpen full entry

𐎡𐎶𐎠𐎶

Attested in Old PersianInflected or attested form

this (here)

imāmOpen full entry

Attested in Old PersianPhrase or text fragment

Attested sentence; word glosses: Xerxes I, king of Persia · king · great · Darius I, king of Persia · son · Achaemenid

Xšayaṛšā xšāyaθiya vazṛka xšāyaθiya xšāyaθiyānām Dārayavahau̯š xšāyaθiyahyā puça HaxāmanišiyaOpen full entry

𐎢𐎫𐎠𐎶𐎡𐎹

Attested in Old PersianInflected or attested form

and

utāmai̯Open full entry

Attested in Old PersianPhrase or text fragment

Attested sentence; word glosses: Xerxes I, king of Persia · king · great · Darius I, king of Persia · son · Achaemenid

Xšayaṛšā xšāyaθiya vazṛka xšāyaθiya xšāyaθiyānām Dārayavahau̯š xšāyaθiyahyā puça HaxāmanišiyaOpen full entry

𐎤𐎢𐎼𐎢𐏁

Attested in Old PersianInflected or attested form

Cyrus II, king of Persia

KurušOpen full entry

𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎮𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠

Attested in Old PersianPhrase or text fragment

Attested sentence; word glosses: say, proclaim, communicate · Xerxes I, king of Persia · king · will · Ahuramazdā · this · palace · Darius I, king of Persia · build · who · my · father

θāti Xšayaṛšā xšāyaθiya vašnā A.uramazdāha ima hadiš Dārayava.uš xšāyaθiya akunau̯š haya manā pitāOpen full entry

𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁

Attested in Old PersianInflected or attested form

Darius I, king of Persia

Dārayava.ušOpen full entry

𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎶 𐏐 𐎯𐎢𐎺𐎼𐎰𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠

Attested in Old PersianPhrase or text fragment

Attested sentence; word glosses: say, proclaim, communicate · Xerxes I, king of Persia · king · will · Ahuramazdā · this · gatehouse, colonnade · Darius I, king of Persia · build · who · my · father

θāti Xšayaṛšā xšāyaθiya vašnā A.uramazdāha imam duvarθim Dārayava.uš xšāyaθiya akunau̯š haya manā pitāOpen full entry

𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿𐎡𐎹

Attested in Old PersianInflected or attested form

Persia

Pārsai̯Open full entry

𐎠𐎱𐎭𐎠𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎿𐎬𐎢𐎴𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐎥𐎡𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐎨𐎠 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐎨𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎷𐎡𐎫𐎼 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺

Attested in Old PersianPhrase or text fragment

Attested sentence; word glosses: palace · column, pillar · of stone · Artaxerxes II, king of Persia · king · great · build · who · Darius II, king of Persia · son · Achaemenid · Iranian god · me · protect

apadānam stūnāya aθangai̯nam Ṛtaxšaçā xšāyaθiya vazṛka akunau̯š haya Dārayava.uš xšāyaθiya puça Haxāmanišiya Mitra mām pātuOpen full entry

𐎻𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱𐏃𐎹𐎠

Attested in Old PersianInflected or attested form

Hystaspes, father of Darius I

VištāspahyāOpen full entry

𐎡𐎶𐎶 𐏐 𐎢𐎱𐎭𐎠𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎿𐎬𐎢𐎴𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐎥𐎡𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐎨𐎠 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐎨𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏋𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏈 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐏃𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐏎𐎡𐎲𐎡𐏁

Attested in Old PersianPhrase or text fragment

Attested sentence; word glosses: this · palace · column, pillar · of stone · Artaxerxes II, king of Persia · king · great · build · Ahuramazdā · protect · (together) with · god

imam upadānam stūnāyā aθangai̯nam Ṛtaxšaçā xšāyaθiya vazṛka akunau̯š Ṛtaxšaçām xšāyaθiyam A.uramazdā pātu hadā bagai̯bišOpen full entry

𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠𐎶𐏃𐎹𐎠

Attested in Old PersianInflected or attested form

Arsames, Darius I's grandfather

ṚšāmahyāOpen full entry

𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐎨𐎠 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐏋𐎹𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐎨

Attested in Old PersianPhrase or text fragment

Attested sentence; word glosses: I · Artaxerxes II, king of Persia · king · great · Darius II, king of Persia · son

adam Ṛtaxšaçā xšāyaθiya vazṛka xšāyaθiya xšāyaθiyānām Dārayava.uš xšāyaθiyahyā puçaOpen full entry

𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱

Attested in Old PersianInflected or attested form

Hystaspes, father of Darius I

VištāspaOpen full entry

𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎼𐎶𐎴𐏃𐎹𐎠

Attested in Old PersianInflected or attested form

Ariaramnes, king of Persia

AriyāramnahyāOpen full entry

𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁

Attested in Old PersianInflected or attested form

Achaemenes, eponymous founder of the Achaemenid dynasty

HaxāmanišOpen full entry

𐎠𐎺𐏃𐎹𐎼𐎠𐎮𐎡𐎹

Attested in Old PersianInflected or attested form

that one

avahyarādīOpen full entry

𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠

Attested in Old PersianInflected or attested form

Achaemenid

HaxāmanišiyāOpen full entry

𐎰𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎶𐏃𐎹

Attested in Old PersianInflected or attested form

speak

θanhyāmahiOpen full entry

𐎠𐎶𐏃𐎹

Attested in Old PersianInflected or attested form

be

amahiOpen full entry

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TITUS Old Persian corpus

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TITUS Old Persian Corpus
TITUS Project — Goethe University Frankfurt
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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

Scholarly evidence chain and method of use

The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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