Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB4.)

DB4. · 45

Contains editorial restoration

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴[𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎶]𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎰𐎼𐎭 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹/𐎰𐎡𐎹
Transliteration: : a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-[v-m : h-m]-h-y-a-y-a : ϑ-r-d !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-/ϑ-i-y
Transcription: : adam : akunavam : hamahyāyā : ϑarda !! : ϑātiy : Dārayavauš : xšāyaϑiya
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 45

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:11

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

I · do · the same · year · say · Darius · king

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 45
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎠𐎭𐎶a-d-m	adam	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for adam; English gloss: I. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴[𐎺𐎶a-ku-u-n-[v-m	kar	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for akunavam; English gloss: do. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐏃𐎶]𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎹𐎠h-m]-h-y-a-y-a	hama-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hamahyāyā; English gloss: the same. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎰𐎼𐎭ϑ-r-d !!	θard-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for θarda; English gloss: year. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹ϑ-a-t-i-y	θa	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for θāti; English gloss: say. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
12	𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁d-a-r-y-v-u-š	Dārayavahu-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Dārayavauš; English gloss: Darius. · Needs human review Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
14	𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹/𐎰𐎡𐎹x-š-a-y-/ϑ-i-y	xšāyaθiya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšāyaθiya; English gloss: king. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB4. 45

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

TITUS Old Persian corpus

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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