Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB3.)

DB3. · 88

Contains editorial restoration

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐎭[𐎳𐎼]𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎻𐎡[𐎹]𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 [𐎲𐎿𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎴𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐎼𐎣𐏀𐎴𐏃𐎹] 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏔𐏒 𐏐 𐎼/𐎢𐎨𐎲𐎡𐏁
Transliteration: : vi-i-d-[f-r]-n-a : b-a-b-i-ru-u-vi-i-[y]-a : a-j : u-t-a : [b-s-t-a : a-n-y : v-r-k-z-n-h-y] : m-a-h-y-a : 20-2 : r-/u-c-b-i-š
Transcription: : Vidafarnā : Bābiruviyā : aja : utā : bastā : anaya : Varkazanahya : māhyā : 22 : raucabiš
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 88

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:20

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

son of Vahyasaruva, servant of Darius I · Babylonian · beat · and · bind · lead, bring · 8th month · month · [20-2] · day

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 20-2, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 88
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎻𐎡𐎭[𐎳𐎼]𐎴𐎠vi-i-d-[f-r]-n-a	Vindafarnah	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Vindafamā; English gloss: son of Vahyasaruva, servant of Darius I. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎻𐎡[𐎹]𐎠b-a-b-i-ru-u-vi-i-[y]-a	Bābiruviya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Bābiruviyā; English gloss: Babylonian. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐎠𐎩a-j	gan	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for aja; English gloss: beat. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎢𐎫𐎠u-t-a	utā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā; English gloss: and. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	[𐎲𐎿𐎫𐎠[b-s-t-a	band	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for bastā; English gloss: bind. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
12	𐎠𐎴𐎹a-n-y	nay	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for anaya; English gloss: lead, bring. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
14	𐎺𐎼𐎣𐏀𐎴𐏃𐎹]v-r-k-z-n-h-y]	Vṛkazana	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Vṛkazanahya; English gloss: 8th month. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
15	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
16	𐎶𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠m-a-h-y-a	māh-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for māhyā; English gloss: month. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
17	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
18	𐏔𐏒20-2	—	No analysis recorded
19	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
20	𐎼/𐎢𐎨𐎲𐎡𐏁r-/u-c-b-i-š	rau̯cah-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for rau̯cabiš; English gloss: day. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB3. 88

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

TITUS Old Persian corpus

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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