Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB3.)

DB3. · 56

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎭𐎣 𐏐 𐏃𐎼𐎢𐎺𐎫𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺/𐎶
Transliteration: n-a-m : p-a-r-s : m-n-a : b-d-k : h-r-u-v-t-i-y-a : x-š-ç-p-a-v-a : a-b-i-y : a-v-/m
Transcription: nāma : Pārsa : manā : badaka : Harauvatiyā : xšaçapāvā : abiy : avam
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 56

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:06

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

name · Persia; Persian · me, mine · vassal · Arachosia · satrap · to · that one

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 56
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐎴𐎠𐎶n-a-m	nāman-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nāma; English gloss: name. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
2	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
3	𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿p-a-r-s	Pārsa-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Pārsa; English gloss: Persia; Persian. · Needs human review Machine-generated and unreviewed
4	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
5	𐎶𐎴𐎠m-n-a	ma-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for manā; English gloss: me, mine. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
6	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
7	𐎲𐎭𐎣b-d-k	bandaka-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for bandaka; English gloss: vassal. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
8	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
9	𐏃𐎼𐎢𐎺𐎫𐎡𐎹𐎠h-r-u-v-t-i-y-a	Hara.uvatiya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Hara.uvatiyā; English gloss: Arachosia. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
10	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
11	𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎠x-š-ç-p-a-v-a	xšaçapāvan-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšaçapāvā; English gloss: satrap. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
12	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
13	𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹a-b-i-y	abi	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for abi; English gloss: to. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
14	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
15	𐎠𐎺/𐎶a-v-/m	hau̯/ava-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for avam; English gloss: that one. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB3. 56

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

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