Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB2.)

DB2. · 97

Contains editorial restoration

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 [𐎢𐎱𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎼 𐏐] 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 [𐏐 𐎠]𐎢𐎼𐎶[𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎻𐏁]𐎫𐎠[𐎿𐎱] 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼[𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃]𐎷[𐎡]𐏂𐎡𐎹/𐎶
Transliteration: : [u-p-s-t-a-m : a-b-r :] v-š-n-a [: a]-u-r-m-[z-d-a-h : vi-š]-t-a-[s-p] : a-v-m : k-a-r-[m : t-y-m : h]-mi-[i]-ç-i-y-/m
Transcription: : upastām : abara : vašnā : Auramazdāha : Vištāspa : avam : kāram : tyam : hamiçiyam
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 97

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:20

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

support · carry · will · Ahuramazdā · Hystaspes, father of Darius I · that one · people · who · treacherous

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐], [𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 97
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	[𐎢𐎱𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎶[u-p-s-t-a-m	upastā-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for upastām; English gloss: support. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎠𐎲𐎼a-b-r	bar	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for abara; English gloss: carry. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐]	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠] v-š-n-a [	vašnā-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for vašnā; English gloss: will. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	[𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎠]𐎢𐎼𐎶[𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃a]-u-r-m-[z-d-a-h	A.uramazdā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for A.uramazdāha; English gloss: Ahuramazdā. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐎻𐏁]𐎫𐎠[𐎿𐎱]vi-š]-t-a-[s-p]	Vištāspa	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Vištāspa; English gloss: Hystaspes, father of Darius I. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
12	𐎠𐎺𐎶a-v-m	hau̯/ava-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for avam; English gloss: that one. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
14	𐎣𐎠𐎼[𐎶k-a-r-[m	kāra-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for kāram; English gloss: people. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
15	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
16	𐎫𐎹𐎶t-y-m	haya/taya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for tayam; English gloss: who. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
17	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
18	𐏃]𐎷[𐎡]𐏂𐎡𐎹/𐎶h]-mi-[i]-ç-i-y-/m	hamiçiya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hamiçiyam; English gloss: treacherous. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB2. 97

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

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TITUS Old Persian corpus

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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