Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB2.)

DB2. · 7

Contains editorial restoration

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎺 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 𐏐 𐎢𐎺𐎩 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎭 𐏐 𐎠𐎰[𐎢𐎼𐎠 𐏐 𐎸𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼]𐎰𐎺 𐏐 𐎶𐎼𐎦𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎰/𐎫𐎦𐎢𐏁
Transliteration: : a-b-v : p-a-r-s : u-v-j : m-a-d : a-ϑ-[u-r-a : mu-u-d-r-a-y : p-r]-ϑ-v : m-r-gu-u-š : ϑ-/t-gu-u-š
Transcription: : abava : Pārsa : Ūvja : Māda : Aϑurā : Mudrāya : Parϑava : Marguš : Θataguš
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 7

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:11

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

be, become · Persia; Persian · Elam · Mede · Assyria · Egypt · Parthia · Margiana · Sattagydia

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 7
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎠𐎲𐎺a-b-v	bav	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for abava; English gloss: be, become. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿p-a-r-s	Pārsa-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Pārsa; English gloss: Persia; Persian. · Needs human review Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐎢𐎺𐎩u-v-j	Ūja	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Ūja; English gloss: Elam. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎶𐎠𐎭m-a-d	Māda	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Māda; English gloss: Mede. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐎠𐎰[𐎢𐎼𐎠a-ϑ-[u-r-a	Aθurā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Aθurā; English gloss: Assyria. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
12	𐎸𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹mu-u-d-r-a-y	Mudrāya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Mudrāya; English gloss: Egypt. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
14	𐎱𐎼]𐎰𐎺p-r]-ϑ-v	Parθava	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Parθava; English gloss: Parthia. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
15	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
16	𐎶𐎼𐎦𐎢𐏁m-r-gu-u-š	Margu	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Marguš; English gloss: Margiana. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
17	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
18	𐎰/𐎫𐎦𐎢𐏁ϑ-/t-gu-u-š	Thatagu	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Θataguš; English gloss: Sattagydia. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB2. 7

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

TITUS Old Persian corpus

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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