Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB2.)

DB2. · 24

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎶𐎰𐎡𐏁𐎫 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎣𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢/𐎱𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎶
Transliteration: : m-ϑ-i-š-t : a-h : h-u-v : a-d-k-i-y : n-i-y : a-v-d-a : a-h : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-m-i-y : u-/p-s-t-a-m
Transcription: : maϑišta : āha : hauv : adakaiy : naiy : avadā : āha : Auramazdāmaiy : upastām
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 24

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:06

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

greatest · be · that one · then · not · then · be · Ahuramazdā · support

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 24
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎶𐎰𐎡𐏁𐎫m-ϑ-i-š-t	maθišta-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for maθišta; English gloss: greatest. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎠𐏃a-h	ah	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for āha; English gloss: be. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐏃𐎢𐎺h-u-v	hau̯/ava-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hau̯; English gloss: that one. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎠𐎭𐎣𐎡𐎹a-d-k-i-y	adā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for adakai̯; English gloss: then. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐎴𐎡𐎹n-i-y	nai̯	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nai̯; English gloss: not. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
12	𐎠𐎺𐎭𐎠a-v-d-a	avadā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for avadā; English gloss: then. · Needs human review Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
14	𐎠𐏃a-h	ah	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for āha; English gloss: be. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
15	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
16	𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐎶𐎡𐎹a-u-r-m-z-d-a-m-i-y	A.uramazdā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for A.uramazdāmai̯; English gloss: Ahuramazdā. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
17	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
18	𐎢/𐎱𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎶u-/p-s-t-a-m	upastā-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for upastām; English gloss: support. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB2. 24

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

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TITUS Old Persian corpus

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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