Cyrus the Great in the narratives of Iranian history – Mohammad Ibrahim Bastani Parisi

Cyrus the liberator

Cyrus appeared in the middle of the sixth century BC. It should be considered one of the miracles of historical events, at least for the Aryan race. In these years, there were two very powerful and powerful and at the same time luxurious and rich governments in Asia Minor and the western plains of Iran, one was the Lady government and the other was the Babylon government..

Aryan union

About half a century before that, one of the brave kings of the small country of Media, Hovakhshtar, who was fed up with the desertion and successive aggressions of the great Assyrian state located near Mosul, Kirkuk and the current Khasib crescent, led a brave but small army to Nineveh, the great capital city of Haft Hesarbandi. Assyria attacked and won the war by the way, and Nineveh, the "vampire city", fell prey to fire, and the Assyrian government completely disappeared from the world, and Nineveh's name was only recorded in history.. But the Median government was still too weak to be able to manage the borders of the Euphrates and Tigris to the coasts of Sihon and Jihon and from Aras to the Ganges Sea under one army..

To the meadows of heaven

Worse than that, there was another government in the west of Iran, which was Babylon, and with the collapse of Assyria, this government became more alive; A country whose capital had no equal at that time and which was protected by a wall that was 300 feet high and 75 feet wide, and each side of that wall was four miles long, and the soil that was used to build this wall was a ditch next to the wall. It was deeply built and had a tower whose height and width were not less than the Eiffel Tower, and this city was full of luxury and witchcraft and idolatry and witchcraft.. The morals of his people considered immorality and immorality to be sacred, and greed, coercion, and an excessive desire for luxury reigned in all classes, to the point where, according to Herodotus, "only one woman could enter the altar of the temple of the tower, and she was the woman whom the great God - Marduk - had chosen among the women and the Babylonian priests said that the great god of Babylon spent the night with this woman.!1 Such was the social spirit of the city of Babylon, which in those days was nicknamed the "Meadows of Paradise". 2

To the capital of Qaroon

A little further away was the Lydian country, a land where the wealth of its powerful king Croesus, who should have been known in ancient times, had captured all the western coasts of Asia Minor and the islands of the Aegean and Mediterranean seas, and even the cities of Greece, and made him his slave. And his coffers dazzled the eyes of the Greek celebrities, and the work went so far that even the priest of the temple of Delphi was inspired by the gods in favor of Croesus, because Croesus sacrificed three thousand animals to the temple, and a plated throne, golden clothes and vases, and a luxurious purple dress. And the precious jewel that was among his wife's necklace and belt with a statue of a lion made of gold and ten talons. (Nodman) And the woman had given a gift to the Delphi temple. 3

This king also had a family relationship with the rulers of Media. With this account, the duty of the Aryan race was clear, if a situation did not arise that would unite the lands of Media, Persia, Khorasan, Makran, Bakhtar and Balkh, the destruction of these areas would be certain and certain, either by Babylon or by Lydia..

It was in such a situation that Cyrus rose up. He had realized that Azidhak, the autocratic, luxurious and oppressive king of the Medes, would not be able to unite this land, he first thought of conquering Medes, and it was in 555 that Hamedan fell and proved to be "a nation whose people wear elegant embroidered trousers." They will not be able to defend their honors on the battlefield." 4

Cyrus was able to unite the families of Pars, Medes, Makran and Parthians (Khorasan) created Aryan unity. This unity gave him the power to think of conquering Sardis, and in order to achieve this goal, before an alliance between Sardis and Babylon, he galloped to the western regions and until Babylon wanted to wake up from its lustful sleep, he crushed Sardis and He pulled Croesus down from his mighty throne. 5 (547 or 546 A.H. M.)

Babylon the thief

After that it was Babylon's turn. Babylon was considered a great danger for Iran. In addition to this, another motivation motivated Cyrus to conquer Babylon, and that was the reputation of cruelty that the name of Bakht Nasr had spread to the ears, the king who slammed the hook of the chain into the tongue of one of his opponents and tied him to the base of his throne like a dog. closed: The ruler who pulled the eyes of the king of Palestine out of the bowl with his hand with a dagger and set fire to Solomon's temple and ordered to choose the most beautiful Jewish prisoners and cut out their tongues and eyes and took them out and took out their entrails and kept them alive. They skinned them alive and then hanged them. 6

Bakht al-Nasr brought the Jew to Babylon as a captive. For years, thousands of Jewish families in Babylon lived in the worst conditions, and every morning when these poor slaves collected garbage and dirt and the remnants of Babylonian revelries and nightly lusts and left the city, they sang the hymn of return to Palestine, and their language speaks volumes for this verse. It was the Torah: "O Babylon the bandit, happy is the one who puts your punishment in the palm of his hand;"

Some of the people's chosen ones, who had noticed the efficiency of Cyrus, and on the other hand, realized that there was a smell of care and attention from the east and the eastern sultans, especially they corresponded with Cyrus and appealed to him, and as we know, they also rendered him valuable services during the attack of Cyrus. They did and Babylon was conquered.

Babylonian chronicles recorded the arrival of Persian soldiers in the city in 538. Tomorrow, the people who were waiting for Sultan Fatih's declaration of "I rule" read Fatih's declaration on the door and wall. The title of Cyrus' announcement, which is also recorded in the Nebonid calendar, was spread in the city as follows: "The people of the city have been spared… Cyrus has given safety to all the inhabitants of the city of Babylon.

Cyrus then summoned the clergy of Babylon and left them free to perform religious ceremonies and said that the clergy have their opinion on this matter.. The Babylonian clergy issued a proclamation in which it was said: «… Nebunid… He had bad dreams and was negligent in the question of Marduk, the king of the gods. People complained. Marduk showed mercy and became just in search of a king. King Cyrus asked him to rule the world..
After issuing the statement of clerics, Cyrus published his famous declaration, which should be considered the first declaration of human rights:

I am Cyrus

"I am Cyrus, the king of the world. the great king. strong king. King of Babylon. King of Sumer and Akkad. The king of four countries, the son of Cambodia, the great king, the king of their cities, the grandson of Cyrus, the great king, the king of their cities, from the descendants of Chishpesh, the great king, the king of their cities, the branch of the eternal kingdom, whose dynasty is sealed by Baal and Nebu, and whose rule is close to their hearts.. Because I entered Tintier without fighting (Babylon) I sat on the throne in the palace of the kings with the joy of the people. Marduk, the great god, turned people's hearts towards me. Because I was constantly thinking about praising him. My great army easily entered Babylon. I did not allow enmity to set foot on Sumer and Akkad. The internal situation of Babylon and its sacred space impressed me, and the people of Babylon succeeded in fulfilling their dreams and were freed from the domination of irreligious people.. I prevented the ruin of their houses, I didn't let people's wealth become insignificant, the great god Marduk was pleased with my works, and because I praised him with the true lordship of his divine position, I, who am Cyrus, and I praise him, and my son Kamboji, and all my army through grace Grant your blessings, the kings who sit in their palaces in all the countries of the world, from the sea of ​​Berean to the sea below.… And the kings of the Maghreb, who live in tents, all brought huge ransoms and kissed my feet in Babylon.… From Assyria and Susa, Agadeh, Ashnunak, Zamban, Meturnu with the province of the Goths and the cities beyond the Tigris that were built in ancient times - I returned the gods who lived here to their places, so that they would remain in their place forever.. I gathered people here. I rebuilt their house and brought the gods of Sumer and Akkad to Babylon, which had caused the anger of the God of Gods, by the order of Marduk, the Great God, and returned them without any damage to their failure, which was known as "joy of the heart".

In this way, Cyrus was able to establish centrality and power in the land of Iran, consolidate the position of the Aryan race, and defeat the enemies, so that not only he and his successors, the Achaemenid dynasty, could rule for more than two hundred years, but even today after For 2500 years, the land of Arya has preserved its sane politics and laws in the turbulent world, and if today we celebrate the memory of 2500 years of our reign and hold a ceremony to commemorate it, it is because of his will..

In addition to his governmental and royal position, Cyrus has also found a moral and spiritual aspect, which is unique among all the rulers of the world, and that is a gift from God that is rarely given to politicians and, in the words of Sheikh Abu Ishaq Shirazi, "oppression.".

Cyrus was a model of morality and an example of a free man and a representative of a spiritual and divine truth, which is the means of saving his servants from slavery and captivity.. Cyrus, with his behavior towards defeated nations and with the sacrifice and humanity he made to save the captive Jewish people, reached the point where these people considered him the chosen one of God and the promised Messiah, and this point is not only in Jewish books, but as the late Abul Kalam Azad It has been proven that it is implicitly mentioned in the holy book of Muslims, i.e. the Qur'an.

According to the available documents, the late Abul Kalam came very close to the purpose and almost proved that the Dhul-Qarnain mentioned in the Qur'an is the same Cyrus the Great. However, this research may not be 100% sufficient and accurate to the purpose, and many scholars are hesitant to draw conclusions from it. but if we realize that the issue of Dhul-Qarnain in the Qur'an is still one of the ambiguities and issues that have not been resolved, and if we note that none of the figures who are considered Dhul-Qarnain are closer to this spiritual and political figure than Cyrus in terms of characteristics, the value of the deceased's research We understand Abul Kalam especially in terms of nationality and being Iranian.

Cyrus in our traditions

Unfortunately, the life history of this creator of Aryan civilization is not clear to us. The information we have about his life is related to Greek historians. Historians who lived years after Cyrus and were from a country that is hundreds of farsangs away from Persia and their language had nothing to do with the Persian language, and in terms of history, culture and customs, they had little to do with each other, and besides, the events of his time only They have been recorded until it is related to the history of Greece. This is that the childhood of Cyrus, his living environment, the state of government and politics of the Iranian plateau, the previous governors and commanders of Cyrus, and many national and state specificities remain completely unknown..

While reviewing some eastern chronicles, I noticed that the name of Cyrus appears in many of these books. Finally, the source and the main source of those books were mostly Jewish traditions, and except for one or two cases, no other source was used by them, and for this reason, it only looks at the situation of Cyrus from one point of view, and that is the issue of the Children of Israel, and otherwise, naturally, such traditions that It also has a religious aspect, it is often mixed with myths and legends, and it is historically confused. With all this, in this open road, it is possible to reach one of the houses of Maqsood.

The first thing that emerges from these traditions is that in that era - the time when Cyrus' political life began - the center of wisdom and politics of the country of Iran was in Balkh, and the Iranian sultans, who are known as the Kayans, ruled in this city, which is also called the "beautiful city". and sent governors and governors to the cities of Iran, and Zoroaster appeared during the time of one of these sultans, Vishtasab..

In this day and age, there are revolutions and disturbances in the west of Iran, that is, around Babylon and Khuzestan (Elam and Anzan) It has happened, and especially the Jewish issue had caused discomfort, so that, according to Tabari, "Fakhtar (Avalanche) I am from the House of the Queen, Dariush bin Mehri, the son of Mazhi bin Yafeth bin Noah and Kan bin Akht Bakhtarsheh. (Bakht Nasr) And Akhtar Kiresh Kikwan, the son of Ghilim bin Sam, and Kan Khazanah, Ali Beit Mal Bahman, and Akhshwiresh bin Kiresh bin Jamasb al-Mul-Alam, and……»۹

Here I must explain that before Cyrus is mentioned, Lahrasab, the king of Balkh, sent Bakhtnasr to the Maghreb to pacify the regions of Syria and Jerusalem, and he succeeded in pacifying those regions.. But the children of Israel did not obey him and he attacked them and "put the sword into the children of Israel and killed their men and took their women and children captive."

Of those who were weak and survived the sword of Bakht Nasr… They went to Egypt… Because you are lucky to hear… He went to Egypt and fought with Malik of Egypt and attacked him and captured him and killed him… After reaching the Maghreb, he returned to Iraq and came to the banks of the Tigris with a lot of captives, with booty and endless demands. And the creation was destroyed and the trees were left standing and there was no one to eat and the streams of flowing water… And the Almighty God became angry with the children of Israel again and made Bakht Nasr dominate over them and continued until he killed everyone and took their wives and children and carried them away.… Once in the reign of King Lahrasbander, and this second time in the reign of King Bahman son of King Ghstasb…»۱۱

The story of Bakhtnasr's invasion has been repeated twice in historical narratives, and although the time interval has been written more or less, the damage caused to the Jewish people was irreparable, and according to Masoudi, the number of Jews captured was eighteen thousand. 12

After the death of Lahrasb and the accession of Ghstasb, he was saddened by the destruction of Bakhtnasr. "Who sent to the land of Iraq and Babylon… And Bakhtnasr had also built a seat there. He was a colonel, his name was Kors, and he deposed Mur Bakht Nasr from that province and called him back to Balkh, and the Mur of that side gave Kurs to him."13

If we want to accept this narrative, we must consider this Cyrus, who was contemporary with Bakht al-Nasr, Cyrus II, the father of Kambojie II,14 and as a result, the ancestor of Cyrus III. (The Great Cyrus) Let us know that it was sent to the Maghreb lands by Ghstasb.

At the same time, Ghstasab and his son Bahman were reigning together. The Turks (Yellow-skinned tribes and Massagets- Coins) They had invaded the eastern regions of Iran, especially Balkh, and father and son (Avalanche) They were forced to spend most of their time repelling them, and in these wars, the people of Balkh suffered a defeat, and the woman Ghstasab, who was called "Hotus" in Balami, and may be a variant form of the word "Atusa", was killed. (It should be explained that Cyrus II, the ancestor of Cyrus the Great, as well as Cyrus the Great, both had a daughter named Atusa.)

After a while, Ghstasb died and Bahman was Ghstasb's son and, according to a tradition, Ghstasb's grandson (son of Esfandiar) He reached the kingdom and he asked for the help of Bakht Nasr, who must be different from the aforementioned Bakht Nasr. (And although historical books have considered both as one) calm the situation in the West again. Bakhtnasr "chosen fifty thousand men from the army and three hundred colonels and four people from Malik's family to be his ministers.: One was named Dariush bin Mehri, the second of Kirash bin Kikuvan15 and he was the Khazan of Bahman, and the other three were his Ahashvir and the fourth Bahram bin Kirash16 and killed the army and went to the land of Iraq and Babylon.… And he gathered an army together and made a leaf, and from the children of Sennacherib (Destroyed) There was only one person left in the land of Babylon, his name was Bakht al-Nasr ibn Nabuzradan and his king was Mosul. 17

It should be noted here that in this period of history, the names of several people of Bakhtasar are mentioned, each of them is different in terms of the area of ​​rule and the time of the rule, and now let's go back to talking: "Bakht Nasr played the song of Sham and destroyed Jerusalem and killed many people from Bani Isra'il and enslaved so many people that there were 100,000 slaves in his army.. Except for the elders, women and girls, then he sent his army until he entered the desert, and each one had a shield with him to fight. Rig Ander was hidden, as if it did not leave a mark… He took captives from the children of Israel and returned to Iraq and sat on the king's throne. He chose one hundred and four thousand of the slaves of the children of Israel, the slaves, the sons of the Prophets, and the sons of the Prophets, and he set up an enslavement before him.… And he stayed in that property for forty years, then he died, and a son came to him, his name was Olmerudkh… So he died and left a son named Oblattser18… He was inside the property for a year… Darius killed him… And he was in the kingdom for three years, and of the four who were with Bakht al-Nasr, Darius and his kiresh remained with him, and when three years had passed from the reign of Darius Mazi, Bahman deposed him and gave his kiresh al-Ghilami to the king of Iraq and Syria, and it was not written to him that Be kind to the Children of Israel so that they may be returned to their land wherever they are. 19

Bakhtnasr had been very violent with the Jews and had created a situation that led to their captivity and the destruction of Jerusalem.. After Balthazar was appointed to the government of Babylon, Bahman issued an order to remove him and entrusted the government of Babylon's borders to Darius Mazi 20 and it is clear that nothing came of him and he inevitably entrusted this task to Cyrus. (O Ezel Darius) But the place of Kiresh al-Ghilami is my son…»۲۱

In Islamic traditions, the name of Cyrus is used as Kiresh in many places (Who is it, who is it, Cyrus?) He has come and this Cyrus is not a fool at all (Elamite?) It has been said by Tabari: “Some of them have claimed (Some historians) Anki Arsh is in a hurry and Ankar Zalik is the Qibla of some of them, and Qal Ki Arsh is, but he is the uncle of Lajd in a hurry, and Qal Ho is a brother of Qiqaws Ibn Katiba Ibn Kiqbad al-Akbar, and Vishtasb al-Mulk is Ibn Kilhar Asb Ibn Kiuji. (Kabujieh) Ibn Kimnoosh, Ibn Kighaws, Ibn Kibah, Ibn Kiqibad Al-Akbar"22

And of course we know that Vishtasab (Bashtasb) Father Darius the Great with Cyrus III (The Great Cyrus) From two fields, they trace their relation to Kabujie first son of Chish Pesh first son of Achaemenesh. We said that the Islamic narrations are confused in this matter, but the truth is part of it. Ibn Khaldun also says about the appointment of Cyrus: "And Qayil An Bahman, Baath Dariush, I am the King of Mari (Mad) Ben Nanab and Kiresh ben Kikos (Cambozes, Cambodia?) I am the king of Bani Alim (Elam?) Ben Sam…»۲۳

In almost all chronicles, the names of Cyrus and Dariush Madi are used to give order to the western parts, especially Khuzestan. We also know that Darius the Great was the governor of Persia on behalf of Cyrus before the murder of Goumat and his rise to the throne..

About the reason for choosing Cyrus, all historians have written that it was done to solve the Jewish problem and repair the atrocities of Bakht al-Nasr.. Tabari says: "Flama Sara-al-Amar Eli-Kiresh, the books of Bahman, to support the children of Israel, and to divorce them, to come down as loved ones, and to return to their land.…»۲۴

Ibn al-Balakhi says: "Since Nasr's fortune passed, his son named Nimrod sat in his father's place for a while, and then he had a son named Balt al-Nasr, who also had a father. (؟) But they didn't know what to do, and Bahman dismissed him and appointed someone else in his place and gave him obedience and said that he will be good to the children of Israel and send them back to their place and appoint whoever the children of Israel choose over them, they chose Daniel (peace be upon him). And this is why it is related to this: Kirash bin Ahashwarsh bin Kirsh bin Jamasb bin Lahrasb." 25

According to Ibn Khaldun, his father's name is Akhshwarash (Xerxes?) It is written to say: "And he said that Kirash was Ibn Akhshwarsh bin Jamasib bin Lahrasb and Abu Akhshwarsh.": “And the book unto me is the friend of the children of Israel, and their kingdom is good, and they lead them to their land…»۲۷

According to Masoudi, Cyrus fought with Babylon on Bahman's orders and sent the Jews back to Jerusalem: “And it was said that (O Avalanche) During the reign of the Bani Isra'il to Jerusalem, they were in Babylon until they returned to Jerusalem for seventy years and that was during the Persian invasion of Iraq, before Bahman and Bahman on the day of Balkh.…28 and Hamze Esfahani says: "And Yaqal An Al-Dhi is the claim of the Lord (O building of Jerusalem) Towards the rebuilding after seven years, the king's name in Hebrew was Cyrus and the organization of the Jews was Bahman ibn Esfandiar, which is not consistent with Persian history.”

It is mentioned in the commentary of Abu al-Futuh: "Allah the Most High commanded through the language of some prophets to make a king among the kings of Persia, his name was Cyrus, and he was a believing man who: Go and deliver Bani Israel from the hands of Bakht al-Nasr, and take away the wealth of Baitul-Maqdis from him, and return to his place.

Khandmir says: "When Ghstasb found out about the destruction of Bakht al-Nasr in Jerusalem, Cyrus appointed a name to the province of Babylon and called Bakht al-Nasr back and ordered him to stop taking the captives of the Israelites so that they could go to the homeland and take care in repairing the holy lands." Of course, the point that Cyrus fought with Bakht al-Nasr is wrong, and Islamic traditions generally confuse him and because of Bakht al-Nasr's fame, they mention his name in the Babylonian war, and now Cyrus fought with one of his successors, Nebonid, years after Bakht al-Nasr's death. Was. Ibn Khaldun gives and tells the correct version of the incident to some extent: “And he gave him his state (O daughter of Bakht al-Nasr) 32. Fifty and forty years of Sanaa and the king after the first March, 31 Then after Ibn Filsensar son of Avil, then Cyrus and his king defeated them, and he returned the children of Israel to Jerusalem

And regarding the construction of the Abadan Temple, the historians of Hamadastan are also of the same opinion, Biruni says, "And the building is tall." (O children of Jerusalem) Korosh Amel Bahman Ali Babol and Aad Amara Al-Sham…33 Ibn Athir narrated the incident as follows: "Because God's will was for the children of Israel to return to Jerusalem, Bakht al-Nasr was dead. After him, his son Olmerdj (ص: First Marduk) He came to the throne and ruled for twenty-three years, and then he passed away, and his son, who was called Belteshsar, came to the throne and after one year of reign, he was deposed by the Persian king."34

Hamdullah Mostofi says: "Bakht-ul-Nasr, Bekin Yahya, the Prophet, destroyed Jerusalem… to the property of the kings of Persia, whom the children of Israel took for granted (Z: Kourosh) and the Persians of Guderz Ashghani (؟) The reader brought it to the state of the mansion." 36

The fact that Cyrus is the representative and agent of Avalanche in Khuzestan and Babylon does not contradict Greek traditions and what we have today about the history of Cyrus' life.. Because first of all, the Greeks have written the life of Cyrus in a very vague, dark and legendary manner, and according to their narration, his success is unnatural, while the Islamic narrations seem to be more natural.. There is no possibility that there was a huge government on the coasts of Amu Darya and Balkh that ruled over the entire plateau of Iran, and that one of the people close to the royal family was chosen to govern Khuzestan and Anzan and to suppress the rulers of Babylon is not excluded..

This article leads to how after Cyrus the government was transferred to Fars and there was no mention of Balkh and the Greeks did not mention it. Starts. But the fall of the Balkh court is a natural thing, because the chaotic court of Bahman and the disputes between his predecessors, Esfandiar and other princes, which are mentioned in the legends, led to the weakness of this system, and in the meantime, a young man named Cyrus, who was famous for his conquests in the west. had found, he transferred the power and dominion of his kingdom from the shores of Amu Darya to the shores of Karun and Tigris.

Cyrus and the Israelites

It is from this date, that is, after the conquest of Babylon, that Cyrus crowns and claims the kingdom. Ibn Khaldun says: "One Fard Korosh Balmolek Ali Fars and Mazhi…37 And Tabari said hesitantly:… "Qal and Lam Yamelk Kiarsh Qat, and Anma Kan Mamelka Ali Khuzestan and may be connected to the security of the land of Babylon before Kiqaus…38 Masoudi has another explanation in this regard and says: "And in the last face of my narrations, that course is the Queen's head, before the storm…. And that's my course, the king of al-Fars al-Awali…» ۳۹

There is another point in Islamic traditions that needs to be opened. This point partly explains the reason for Cyrus's attention to the Jews. Ibn al-Balakhi says: And the mother of this kiresh was the daughter of one of the prophets of Bani Isra'il, her mother was called "Ashin", and her mother's brother had taught her Torah, and she was very knowledgeable and wise, and she improved the Holy Temple by Bahman's command, and everything from the Bani Isra'il's property, livestock, and equipment in The treasury was in the hands of the people of Bakht al-Nasr in the treasury of Bahman, and he gave it to them.… And he succeeded and his name is in the book of Cyrus." 40

This point has also been said by others, and in fact, it was a mixture between Bahman the great king and Cyrus, who became his famous and famous agent.. Hamdullah Mostofi also says: «… His name is in the books of the Israelites (Bahman bin Esfandiar) Korosh Malek has come"41 and Hamza Esfahani says: Masoudi says, "The Israelis will speak their language in their language in their news books."42: "It has been said that the mother of Cyrus was from Bani Isra'il, and Daniel the little one was considered his uncle."43 And Ibn Khaldun says: "He is the one who rejected Bani Isra'il to Baladham, and he is the mother of my Bani Talut, and he is the heir of Bahman."44

Ibn Athir flour: «… Then Kiresh came to the throne when he was 13 years old and knew the Torah and was familiar with the Jewish language and script and understood the words of Daniel and the likes of him.… He gave Daniyal the position of judge and returned what Bakht al-Nasr had brought as booty from Beit Al-Maqdis and improved Beit Al-Maqdis." 45

Mirkhanwad wrote: During his reign, Bahman deposed the son of Bakht al-Nasr from the province of Babylon and made Cyrus, who was a descendant of Lahrasab and whose mother was the daughter of one of the children of Bani Israel, governor of that land. They will make them governors. Cyrus gathered that people and nominated Daniel to rule the Israelites. 46

Yahya bin Abdul Latif Qazvini says: «… In this province, he made many decrees and expelled the son of Bakht al-Nasr from Babylon, and Kirsh 47 was from the tribe of Jamasab bin Lahrasab. (particle for direct object) whose mother was one of the prophets of Bani Isra'il, he sent Awad and told him to bring the people of Bani Isra'il to Jerusalem and appoint whoever they want to be their head, and he gathered them together and gave Daniel the Prophet (peace be upon him) the headship of Bani Isra'il and the Maliki of Syria together with them. He sent them back to their position… And Bahman's mother was one of Talut's children…»۴۸

Khandmir considers and says that Cyrus' action in freeing the children of Israel was on the advice of his mother: "In the texts of al-Akhbar, it is said that one of Hamedan's kings, Cyrus, heard from his father, who was one of the Sabayas of Bani Israel, after the mentioned events, the quality of their greatness and the restoration of the holy place between al-Maqdis and the Al-Aqsa Mosque. One of the building masters and other actors rushed to Jerusalem and put effort into repairing it and its height."49

The fact that Cyrus was assigned to the Israelites from his mother's side and his mother was a Jewish maidservant may be reflected in their chronicles due to the attention that the Jews had to Cyrus, and in principle, the attribution of powerful and well-known sultans to tribes and nations is not new.. However, it is something that is reflected in almost all books of Islamic history.

The man of two veins

In addition, there is a point mentioned in Herodotus' history that I think should be considered, and that is: When Croesus learned of Cyrus' plan to attack Sardis, he sent gifts to the temple of Delphi and consulted the priest of the temple about the fate of the war.:
"The day you mule (!) become the king of the Medes,
At that time, you lady with delicate legs, walk along the river full of dirt and stones of Hermos and leave it behind.… ۵۰
And when they asked again, he answered: “If the Lady King goes to war, a great empire will be destroyed…The meaning of quoting PT is the word mule. PT's answer has been translated as mule in most places, and it is apparently ambiguous to a "two-blooded" man, that is, one whose parents are not of the same race..

The French Albersandor translated mulet here as meaning someone who is of two races and two different bloods. 51 The interpreters of this expression - including the late Pirnia - believe that in this expression mule means the racial status of Cyrus, which according to the legend Herdut was from the two families of Medes and Parses. That is, his mother "Mandana" was a Median and his father was a Persian52, because the Greeks of that time did not really see Media and Persia as separate from each other, and they even called all the Persian and Achaemenid wars as Median wars, and basically in our history, Media and Persia were both Iranian and from They are a race.

The period of Cyrus' rule over Babylon was written by Tabari as three years, "Va Kan Malik Kiresh Ali Babul wa Maitsal Baha 3 Sennin". Bahman and Khamani, twenty years"54 Ibn Athir also says that Cyrus reigned for 22 years55 and Mas'udi considered it to be twenty-three years, "and Kant Mede Malik Kurus three and twenty years"56

From the Greek chronicles and the Babylonian chronicles, it appears that Cyrus won over Ejidhak around 550 BC, captured Lydi in 546 BC, defeated Babylon in 538 BC, and in 529 BC, his reign lasted for nearly 22 years according to Islamic traditions. will be.

Cyrus and East

Among the other works of Cyrus, the lieutenant general of Babylon 57, is his attention to the East, and by the way, there is a legend about this in Islamic traditions.. Cyrus paid attention to the East twice, the first time was after the conquest of Media and the second time was at the end of Cyrus' life.. Of course, the meaning of the east here is the east of Persia.

Greek historians have only made a reference in this regard, as it was not directly related to their history. Ctesias says: After conquering Media, Cyrus dealt with the affairs of eastern Iran and pushed to the west. The Bactrians obeyed, but the Scythians did not obey, and a hard battle took place and the sides fought until the Scythians were finally defeated and their leader was captured..

At the beginning of his career, Cyrus completed the task of Media and then "Eastern Iran".. Where has this East been? There is talk of the Massagets and the Scythian tribes. Ironically, in one of his hadiths, when he mentions Ki Khosrow's wars with the Tatars and Turks, Tabari says so.: "Remember some of my descendants of Kibah, the grandfather of Kikhusro and Akbar, with Kikhusro in the war of the Turks, and those who were with him, Kibeh bin Kibeh, and the descendants of Khuzestan, and the Milesians of Babylon, and "Kibah Arsh" and the descendants of Kerman and the regions.…» ۵۸

With this account, there has been talk of Cyrus' wars with the eastern inhabitants of the Iranian Turk race, leading to the help of Ki Khosrow.. In addition, another name in the form of "Ki Beh Arash", which is close to Cyrus, can also be seen here, who was the ruler of Kerman..

Aryan says about Cyrus' attack to the east: Cyrus marched to Kandahar and Kabul to the Zarainka tribes (Zarang, Scythians, Sistani) and subjugate Tatagos and Hardovatis. These long campaigns were very costly and laborious. The Persians had to cross many deserts and destroy the resistance of the opposing and fleeing people who had nothing but goat herds and small tents.. "Nearcus" says that Cyrus lost part of his army in a waterless desert. The details of these eastern wars that lasted for six years will never be known to us. ۵۹

Here, of course, both the attack of the beginning of his reign and the attack of its end are mentioned. And it is possible that it was part of calming down the tribes living in Baluchistan and the eastern and southern regions of Kerman, who have crossed countless deserts.. In any case, the quality of the eastern wars is not known, and according to a story, Cyrus was killed by the queen of the Massagets in one of these wars, and later his body was brought to Pars. 60 According to another story, Cyrus died in Pars..

Another thing that should be mentioned is that Cyrus' name was another word before his reign and he changed it later.. Strabo says: "The name of this king was Agradatus at first, then he changed his name and adopted the name of the river "Kur" which flows near Persepolis." 61 Of course, the second part of Strabo's narrative seems doubtful because the name of the Ker River must have been taken from Cyrus and not the other way around.. But the fact that the name of Cyrus existed before the reign of Agradates certainly had a meaning.

This name can be a combination of the word graá, which in Indo-European languages ​​means front, beginning, and front, and therefore, if we consider the second part of the word as Persian "dat" (which means law and justice) The word Agradats is exactly the same as the word "Pishdad". 62

But this interpretation, if it was related to the fact that Cyrus's name became Agradates after his reign, it would be closer to the mind, and it would be more suitable with the justices that Cyrus had and the foundation of principles and laws that he established.. However, there is no denying it.

The author's opinion is that this name can also have the form of another Persian name, and it is a combination of the word "Agra" which means first and first, and the second part of Persian "Dade, Zada", which is usually found in Persian names that are The Greek translation is recorded as dateès. If we accept this assumption, we can say that the word Agradates means the first child, and the first child born to the Cambys family was given this name, as we call the first child "Akbar = older" today.. And this interpretation is more suitable for a child who does not yet have a name and address and has not established a law or heresy..

It is also possible to assume that this name is a combination of the word "Agira" (= Azar, fire) And the second part of the word is "born, given" because fire was respected by ancient Iranians. Again, it is necessary to explain that the word Agra has the same meaning as forward and forward in Persian words, and one of them is the word "Aghirirth", which is the name of Afrasiab's brother and is of interest to Iranians, and according to Professor Pordawood's interpretation, it means "the one who surrounds him". has gone before all", which means it can be translated as "progressive and advanced".63

Successors of Cyrus

About the successors of Cyrus, there is no important information in Islamic chronicles. Among this group, Ibn Khaldun mentions the Achaemenid sultans to a very correct extent and explains as follows.: "Ibn Al-Amid said, in the order of the kings of Persia, after Kirash to Dara, the last one is said to be the king after Cyrus, the son of Qambosius, Tamania, and Qil Tsa'a, and Qil Thantin, and Ashrin Sana, and Qil Anh, Gaza, Egypt, and Stuli against them. 64… and the 'Adariush ibn Kstasf hzf smrdius 65 Al-Mojus al-Mojusah and Qil Thalath of Sana'a and Smi Magian in Zaradsht al-Badin al-Mojusah in I'm66… Then my property was later the son of Artahshasht Ibn Akhshweeresh and Yalikb Batuil Ilidin and Kant my mother Elihud the daughter of Mordechai68.… ۶۹
Then my king, after Dar Ibn Al-Ama, and Yalikab al-Nakish, and Qayil Dariush Eliarius, the king of seventeen years.… Then my king, later, Artahshashat son of Akhi Cyrus, Dariush, one of ten years old… Then his son Arshish bin Artahashasht became king after him… Then the king after Ibn Dar Ibn Arshish70 and the throne of Alexander over the Persian king in his day… ۷۱

This narration of Ibn Khaldun is very much consistent with the Greek narrations, especially the series of sultans is very correct and consistent. Abu Rihan gave the names of the Iranian sultans who ruled Babylon in such a way that it matches the Greek traditions to some extent.: Baltshasar, Darius al-Madi the first, Cyrus the builder of Jerusalem, Qumbsus, Darius, Ahshiresh, Artaxerxes the First, Darius, Artaxerxes the second, Akhus, Firoon, Dariush ibn Arsikh, Alexander the Great, the builder.

The birth and death of a general

The death of this great Iranian general is mysterious and amazing like his birth and covered in a veil of secrets. As we know, Greek historians have written the story of Cyrus' childhood and education in a legendary form, which is the most detailed account of Herodotus.. Herodotus says: King Astyages of the Medes dreamed one night that a vine grew from the belly of his daughter Mandana and covered Asia. The interpreters said that a child will be born from your daughter who will take the kingdom from you, he decided to kill the baby of his daughter.. The minister entrusted the child to Mehrdad's shepherd to kill him. Mehrdad had a wife named "Sapako" and she had given birth to a dead child in the same days. He told his wife about the process of handing over the child and the order to kill him and stated that I took the child and brought it with me without knowing his parents. Who are they?. However, I was amazed to see the golden objects and luxurious clothes that I saw and finally I knew that it was from Mandana. When the woman removed the veil and saw that fat and beautiful baby, she started crying and begged not to kill the baby, and they did so. They raised him. Later, when Astyages got the news, he first punished his minister who had disobeyed his order and then sent Cyrus to Persia to go to his parents, and Cyrus got a government there and prepared an army and finally killed Astyages. Win. 72

It is interesting that in our traditions, at the same time when Cyrus is mentioned - that is, during the reign of Bahman and his daughter Khamani or Homay - there is such a story related to one of the princes, and this prince was called Darab, and here is a summary of it.: "Because Bahman's daughter Homay sat on the throne after Bahman's death, the child inside her womb was three months old, and after six months she came out to bear Benhadh and a son.. Homay was afraid and said that if I find this boy, the army and the subjects of Malik will take it from me and give it to the child.… And this queen, the daughter of Bahman, put that boy in a coffin… And inside that coffin he put gems and many wishes… And he threw that coffin in the Ker river which is in the valley… 73 and it was fixed in the coffin… There was a man who was a miller who had a son, and that son died, and his wife mourned and cried for that boy, the coffin fell into the miller's hand, he opened his head, he saw what he wanted, and the child said, "Woman.": God Almighty gave me this child instead of that child, let's raise this one, they took him and raised him together.… Homay was always nostalgic for that childhood; They brought news that a certain miller had found a child… When he was twenty years old, he had learned all manners; Homay called him and Mer said him: You are my son, you are older than my father Bahman and this property. 74

But the death of Cyrus also has a complicated and mysterious story and is still shrouded in mystery. Greek historians, especially Herodotus, say that at the end of his life, Cyrus went to war with the Massagetes, who were a people in the area of ​​the Sihon River.. We said that it was mentioned in the Islamic traditions that during the reign of Gestasb and Bahman, the Turks of the eastern and northern regions of Iran rebelled and regularly threatened the city of Balkh, "and Gestasb sat in Balkh to protect your kingdom from the Turks." 75 And even in one of the wars after that, they won over Balkh and stole Darfesh Kavian from the Iranians..

The appearance of the matter is that the eastern kingdom of Iran, namely Balkh, was destroyed by the invasion of the Turks and when a woman from the princes, namely Humay, was on the throne, it was no longer a power in the east.. According to the Greeks: Cyrus, who had managed things in the Maghreb, invaded the East in order to complete the work of the East and prevent the invasion of the Masaghet and Scythian tribes. At this time, a woman named Tumi Reis was ruling over these invading tribes. (Arax) He drove and passed that river as well, following the queen's message: "King Mad, leave what you are doing, you don't know what the result will be." He did not pay attention, but in this war, the Iranian troops were defeated. Apparently, at the same time, the news of a conspiracy in the absence of Cyrus from the capital (Pars) It also reached his ears and made his situation more confused, and the son of the queen of the Massagetes, who was in Cyrus' captivity, also committed suicide, and as a result, the anger and brutality of the invading clans became more intense, and in the next war, when the battle was tight, according to Ctesias, Cyrus fell from his horse and One of the Indian warriors threw a javelin at him, which landed on his thigh, and they lifted him up and took him to the camp.. Cyrus died three days after making his will.

Most historians, except for Xenophon, who according to a detailed account considered his death to be normal in Persia, have written the end of his life in the Basque war.. Herodotus says: He died in the same battlefield where Cyrus was wounded and his body remained in the field. Tommy Reyes ordered to fill the musket with human blood and then he found Cyrus's body and buried his head in the blood musk and addressed it.: "O king, even though I am alive and I have won over you with a weapon in my hand, but you, who got hold of my son with trickery and trickery, have actually destroyed me, now I will feed you with bloodlust."

This Herodotus narrative, if it is correct, could be the result of another vengeful spirit of revenge for the burning of Sardis, Athens, and Persepolis - and this is that according to Iranian traditions, years before the time of Cyrus - that is, during the time of Ki Khosro - who was the ancestor of the kings Balkh was like Ghstasb and Lahrasb, this was the treatment of the Turanian king (The Scythians) had done, which means that after Afrasiab fled from Ki Khosro after long wars, "they found him and brought him to Ki Khosro. He was tied up and detained for three days… On the fourth day, he called Afrasiab and said: Tell me, in what direction did you kill Siavakhsh? He did not say anything. So say that a man rose up to kill him… And put Afrasiab's head in a bowl, just as Siavash's head had been cut off, and that bowl was filled with blood, and they brought it to Kikhusro, and he touched Afrasiab's blood up to his elbow." 76 If we don't justify this woman's violent behavior only because of the death of the queen's child, can't we say that it was a kind of vengeful behavior towards the blood of one of her brave and famous ancestors?

Carrying the body to Pars

Regarding the fate of Cyrus' body, Herdot's narrative is silent, and other historians have not said how the Iranian troops returned to those plains far from the capital.. It is possible that the body was buried somewhere. We know that after the death of Cyrus, and especially after the departure of Cambodia to Egypt, the situation in the capital became troubled until Darius came to power and fought with internal rebellions for years and calmed down all the important cities, namely Babylon, Hamadan, Persia, the northern and western provinces, and Egypt. There is a very effective narration that after 20 years of Cyrus' death, by order of Darius, Cyrus' body was transferred to Pars like this.: "Six hours before the body arrived in Persepolis (Persepolis) Dariush and the courtiers went outside the city to meet the body and brought the body. Musicians used to play sad songs in front of funerals. Behind them marched army camels and camels, followed by three thousand unarmed soldiers. In this crowd, the old generals who participated in the wars of Cyrus were moving, behind them was the magnificent royal chariot of Cyrus, which had four saddles and eight white horses with muzzles and gold armor.. The body was placed on this wheel, the guards of the body and special guards moved around the body and sang special songs of Khursheed and Bahram and stopped every few steps and burned incense.. The golden coffin was in the middle of the circle.

The royal crown shone on the coffin. A rooster was placed on top of the women's proball. This was the symbol and motto of Cyrus' war forces (Rathe) He was riding and holding the special helmet of Cyrus. After that, they moved the golden and exquisite objects and furniture and the reserves that were special to Cyrus - a golden vine and some golden dishes and clothes..

As soon as they reached the city, Darius stopped and ordered the pilgrims to stop, and with a sad face, he calmly went over the circle and kissed the coffin.. A moment passed. Everyone present was silent and held their breath. The great imperial power bows to the imperial grandeur of the past. By the order of Darius, the gates of the royal palace (Persepolis) They opened it and took the body to Khas Palace. For three days and nights, people respectfully passed in front of the coffin and laid wreaths and worshipers sang religious hymns.. On the third day, when the golden rays of the sun shone on the tower and ramparts of the Achaemenid palace, with the same ceremonies, the body was moved to Parse Gard - a city that was a special favorite of Cyrus.. Many people from Persian villages and tribes came to participate in this mourning ceremony and offered flowers and incense..

Next to the Cyrus River (do) The meadow was clean and dry. Among the branches of the green and palm trees, they built four towers, the walls of which were made of stone. When the body was handed over, the old men and brave young men mourned their leader in unison.. The door of the crypt was blocked, but eyes were still on it and no one could see from there due to grief.. At the insistence of Dariush, the pilgrims all returned after performing the religious ceremony, and only a few remained to perform the religious ceremony." 78

Two hundred years later, when Alexander the Great set fire to the royal palace, one day he came to Persia and went to the tomb of Cyrus and wanted to enter the tomb. He ordered the door to be opened.. After Alexander's move to the east, due to the chaos of the situation, they stole the tomb's luxuries, including jewels, precious objects, and carpets, but they could not steal the body itself.. After his return from Baluchistan to Pars, Alexander went to Parsa and ordered Aristobulus to enter the tomb and collect the rest of Cyrus' body and put it in its place. sealed.

subscripts:

۱- Pyrenean ancient Iran, p. 381
۲- Regarding the social status of Babylon and Cyrus' attention to that city, refer to the article by the author of this book in the book "Heroes of Iranian History" published by UNESCO - Tehran 1342
۳- Pyrenean ancient Iran, p. 274
۴- Cyrus the Great: Translated by Dr. Hedayati, p. 15
۵- The interesting issue is the miraculous rescue of Cyrus in the Sardis war, in that hour when the flashing lightning of the spears and swords of the Persian horsemen dazzled the eyes, and the two armies were hanging together, and the drawn swords were tearing the bodies apart, and the horsemen's squeals and horsemen's roar And the huge dirt of the field revived the memory of Mahshar, in this uproar, suddenly a horse rider knocked Lady under her hand and foot to the ground.. The lady rider drew her dagger and tore the horse's belly before it was crushed under the kick of the mountain horse.. The horse stood on two legs due to the pain and threw its rider on the ground. The lightning of the rider's clothes shone and an Iranian general realized that this rider was the king and commander of the Iranian army.. The enemy soldiers realized that Cyrus was at a critical moment. The Iranian general immediately dismounted and sacrificed his horse to Cyrus. At the insistence of the general, Cyrus got on a horse and came back to the field.
We don't know about the fate of the commander who dismounted and gave his horse to Cyrus, the infantry commander must have lost his life, but against this sacrifice, Cyrus won the war, which means that the fate of world history changed.. I have read such a sacrifice in history only once, and that was when Muhammad Muzaffar, one of the nobles of Al Muzaffar, went to the war of the tribes of Jabal Barez and Jiraft areas of Kerman, and there he suffered such a calamity, and one of his commanders named Pahlwan Alishah Behi Asb He gave himself to Muhammad Muzafar and was killed himself. But Muhammad Muzafar was saved. Refer to the history of Kerman, corrected and revised by the author, p. 192.
۶- Allershandur's narration
۷- This cylinder of Cyrus was found in Babylon.
۸- Al-Kamal Medina Al-Hasna and this translation by Balkh Bami (Bright) Is.
۹- Tarikh al-Ummam wa al-Maluk Tabari, vol. 1, p
۱۰- From Balami's translation, pp. 641 to 645
۱۱- From Balami's translation, pages 655-645
۱۲- Meadows of Gold, p. 26
۱۳- Translated by Balami, p. 648
۱۴- Some also consider only one Cambogia and one Cyrus before Cyrus the Great.
۱۵- Tabari: I was born in the movie Ben Sam
۱۶- Tabari: Ahshwiresh bin Kiresh Jamasb al-Mul-Alam and Bahram bin Kiresh bin Bashtasib
۱۷- Balami's translation, page 671
۱۸- Start and date: Beltash
۱۹- Balami's translation, p. 674
۲۰- Tabari, vol. 1, p. 386
۲۱- Also, the same book and the same page
۲۲- Tarikh al-Umm al-Maluk, vol. 1, page 407
۲۳- The Book of Lessons and the Diwan of Al-Mubtada and Al-Khabar in the days of the Arabs and the Berbers and those who contemporaneously were among those with the greatest authority, vol. 2, p. 108..
۲۴- History of Nations and Kings, vol. 1, p. 386
۲۵- Farsnameh, printed in Tehran, p. 43
۲۶- Book of Lessons, vol. 108, p. 108
27- The same book, p. 109
۲۸- Murooj al-Dhahab, vol. 1, p. 99.
۲۹- Sunni history of the kings of the earth and the prophets, p. 59.
۳۰- The sixth volume, p. 276.
۳۱- correct: Olmerdukh, the historical flow of the event is this: In 561, after Bakht al-Nasr, the eldest son of Awal Marduk succeeded him. But in the following year, the rebels deposed him, and Nergal and then Labazi Marduk came to power, until finally Nebonid took the throne in 555 and went to the city of Tima, and his son Balthazar (Belteshsar) His successor in the city was Cyrus who ran over him.
۳۲- Book of Lessons, vol. 2, p. 108.
۳۳- The remaining works, published by Leipzig, p. 20.
۳۴- Al-Kamal, vol. 1, p. 114.
۳۵- Qazvini also in the works of Al-Bilad (P. 160) His name was written by Koushk, which is apparently a copyist's mistake.
۳۶- Nazheh al-Qulob, published by Debir Siyaghi, p. 17.
۳۷- Book of Lessons, vol. 2, p. 109.
۳۸- History of Nations and Kings, vol. 1, p. 407.
۳۹- Murooj al-Dhahab, vol. 1, p. 99.
۴۰- Farsnameh, p. 44.
۴۱- Date of selection of the London edition, p. 98.
۴۲- Sunni history of the kings of the earth and the prophets, Berlin edition, p. 28.
۴۳- Murooj al-Dhahab, vol. 1, p. 99.
۴۴- Book of Lessons, vol. 2, p. 162.
۴۵- Al-Kamal fi al-Tarikh, vol. 1, p. 115.
۴۶- Rawdat Al-Safa, Part 1, Bahman Affairs.
۴۷- In Tehrani print - Kirsh.
۴۸- Lab al-Tawarikh, page 41.
۴۹- Habib Asir Chap Khayyam, vol. 1, p. 136.
۵۰- History of Herodotus, translated by Dr. Hadi Hedayati, vol. 1, p. 104, in ancient Iran, it is stated that when a mule becomes the king of Lady, and anyway, the essence of the matter is the same..
۵۱- Cyrus the Great: Translated by Dr. Hedayati, p. 74.
۵۲- According to Xenophon's narrative, Cyrus's father Cambyses was from Perse race. This tribe was one of the six clans that lived in the south of Iran, and according to Herodotus, they were the Pantiales, the Druzes, the Germans, and the Persians. (Gadi market) And we Arafis and Maseps (History of Herod, Volume 1, translated by Dr. Hadi Hedayati, p. 211)
Not long ago, I heard from Mr. Mohammad Mohit Tabatabaei that one of the Arab researchers about whether a tribe called (obvious) He asked whether it is in Iran or not, and the questioner had the idea that the Parsian people were the same as Barez. Of course, Mr. Mohit replied that there is such a tribe and it is different from Pars. By the way, the owner of Taj Al Moros also says: "And Barz west of Kerman. Yajbal and to Fasr al-Hadith al-Marwi, I am Abi Hurirah: The Hour will not come until you fight those who wear their hair sticking out.”.
Regarding this people, the Prophet said that the Day of Judgment will not come until you or the people whose feet are made of ropes and ropes (The obvious ones) Don't fight, the owner of the crown of the bride is flour: Al-Bukhari said that Abu Hurairah heard the Messenger of Allah (ص) He says, “Before the Hour, you will fight a people whose shoes are covered with hair, and this is what stands out.”…»
And in the interpretation of this people that the Prophet said: I see now you Arabs who are fighting with a people who wear string and hairy shoes and they are a distinguished people. The same book adds.: Sufyan once said, “They are the people of Al-Baraz.” (That is, Bahl-Barez from Fars and so on) Ho in my language and so it came in the word of Hadith Kane Badal Al-Sin Zaya…» (From Taj al-Arus, below the border) And Lisan al-Arab, p. 311.
It has no tyranny, that these wandering people are the same as the Parez tribe (= Paris) They are still living in Shaab Jabal Barez today and this mountain is known by the same name, and they were a people who were always out of obedience to the king, Kristen Sen says.: Another point of Khosrow I's military reforms (Anoushirvan) There is a fact that Moses Stein realized it before anyone else: After Kasri subjugated the mountain people known as Pariz who lived in Kerman, he transferred their survivors to different parts of the country and gave them houses and forced them to serve as soldiers. (From Iran during the Sasanian era, translated by the late Yasmi, p. 259) And Tabari says: « Waazm (O deficit) Killing in his day is called the prominent one, and I will protect them from their lands and settle them in places in the lands of his kingdom. (Tabari, vol. 1, p. 526) And again, it was the same tribe that resisted the Arab attack from the Maghreb under the title of Kabach and Qafs for many years, and again fought with Mu'azdullah and Al Boyeh, and the Seljuk Qaward uprooted them from Ben and killed them all and, according to history, bitten them.: "Until he left the child alive in the cradle"
According to the location and proximity of the Barez tribe.(Paris) with wandering (who became famous after Cyrus and the city of Parse became their center) There is no reason to consider the Parse and Perse people as the Pariz and Barez people. Regarding this tribe, refer to the margins of Kerman Waziri's history, corrected by the author, pp. 24, 66, 78 and other pages..
۵۳- History of Nations and Kings, vol. 1, p. 386.
54- The same book, p. 387.
۵۵- Al-Kamal fi al-Tarikh, vol. 1, p. 115.
۵۶- Murooj al-Dhahab, vol. 1, p. 99.
۵۷- Tabari gave the title of Cyrus the vice-general of Babylon and said, "I was the commander of Babylon after the destruction of Bakht Nasr of Beit Al-Maqdis during the constructions in the reign of Kiresh ibn Akhsviresh."…» (History of Nations and Kings, vol. 2, p. 718) And again, as mentioned before, he is considered the cause of the avalanche, and Tabari's interesting interpretation of the word avalanche is that he says, "And the interpretation of the avalanche in Arabic: “good faith” (Part 1, p. 406) And this is the true meaning of the word Homan = Farsi Bahman, which means "pure intention"..
۵۸- History of Nations and Kings, vol. 1, p. 366.
۵۹- Korosh Kabir, translated by Dr. Hedayati, p. 247.
۶۰- Regarding the quality of transporting the body of Cyrus to Pars, refer to the author's article in the illustrated Tehran magazine of May 1327..
۶۱- Pyrenean ancient Iran, p. 233.
۶۲- Mr. Iraj Farhoshi, a teacher of ancient Persian in the faculty of literature, refers to the author.
۶۳- Refer to the first volume of Yashta, pp. 209, 211.
۶۴- Cambusius (Cambodia) He was killed in 523 BC when he was returning from Egypt. So he has ruled for about seven years.
۶۵- The phrase is confused and apparently: And it was before this.
۶۶- Ariosh (P = Dariush) after (Smerdis = Berdia) The son of Cyrus became king and defeated Goumat the Magh. Smerdis was also the name of Goumat the Magh's brother. Goumat ruled for almost 9 months.. See the article written by the author of this introduction in Yaghma magazine, January 1341, under the title "Innocent sinners"..
۶۷- In the reign of Xerxes (Akhshwarish)The name of Haman, a Jew, came to the Ministry, who had an enmity with Jews, and at his instigation, the king ordered the killing of Jews, but through the mediation of "Esther", this was not done, and Haman was also killed..
۶۸- Ardeshir is long-handed (Long tail) Apparently, he earned this nickname because of his generosity and strength and not because his hand was so long that it reached his knee, as historians have said..
۶۹- After Ardashir I, Darius II and then Ardashir II came to the throne.
۷۰- These few sentences are somewhat confusing, but anyway, the last Achaemenid sultans were Darius son of Arsam. (Arsan) It has been that Ibn Khaldun brought it in the form of Arshish.
۷۱- Book of lessons… Part 2, pp. 166 and 167.
۷۲- Translation of Herod's History by Dr. Hedayati, Volume 1, pp. 195 to 217, and Ancient Iran of the Pyrenees, pp. 233 to 240.
۷۳- Some have considered the river in which the child was thrown to be the Balkh River, and Ferdowsi wrote the Euphrates River, and considered the savior to be a gasri, and said the process of placing the child in the hands of the mother and nanny in the box.:
Someone made a good box of dry wood and took it in tar and musk
The inside softened to the day of Rome, and the outside was dirty with wax and wax
He slept on his bed, and he slept in the middle of it
They poured a lot of red gold and mixed it with agate and amethyst
By tying a royal jewel in the arm of that infant
Do you know when the child wakes up drunk and roars, the nanny is fat
Put it in the box in the soft, soft Chinese bird and put it on warm
Let them take the box in the middle of the night, one by one
They rushed out in front of the conference and threw themselves into the water
(Shahnameh, vol. 3, p. 321)
However, Balaami's narrative of throwing this child into the river Kor, with its similarity with the story of Cyrus' childhood, and due to Cyrus's name, is worthy of consideration..
۷۴- Translation of Tabari Balami, pp. 689 and 690 and Ibn Athir, vol. 1, pp. 120.
۷۵- Translated by Balami, p. 657.
۷۶- Translated by Balami, p. 616.
۷۷- Perhaps it was for this reason that Cyrus was called the eagle of the east in the Torah.
۷۸- A part of the author's article in Tehran Magazine, May 31, 1327.

* This article was previously published in issue 11 of the historical review magazine (January 1346) had been published.

Taken from Tarngar of Iranian history / http://tarikhirani.ir/