Complete speech about Dhul-Qarnain

Taken from Ahura campus site

It is beautiful to learn from the good behavior of Hazrat Dhul-Qarnain and think about these verses . But knowing who he was, may be useful in benefiting more from this pious man .

Since the Holy Quran is a miracle of the Islamic religion, it is reasonable to look for the opinions of Islamic scholars on this issue in Islamic sources. .

According to Islamic interpretations, the candidates named for Dhul-Qarnain are: :

Shin Huang T ( From the kings of China )

Belness ( of the kings of Assyria)

فریدون ( Pishdadi king of Iran )

Alexander the Macedonian ( Alexander, Macedonian conqueror )

Iskandar known as Iskandar Zulqarnain ( Iranian-Roman king of the world )

One of the kings of Hamir (Yemen) ( Most likely, his number )

The Great Cyrus ( Achaemenid king of Iran )

Many believe that Darius the Great and Xerxes the son of Darius can be considered as candidates of Dhul-Qarnain. . ( Of course, this is hard to accept. )

Many scientists believe that among these names, "Iskander", "one of Hamir's kings" and "Korosh Kabir" have more luck. .

Verses 83 to 98 of Surah Kahf :

«And they ask you of the horns, saying, Remember me»

And they ask you about Dhul-Qarnain, say, I will read something from him for you soon (۸۳)

“We established him on earth and gave him a means of everything.”

We gave him facilities on earth and gave him a means of everything (۸۴)

Follow a reason

He followed a path (۸۵)

“Until, when he reached the setting of the sun, he found it setting in the spring of his father-in-law, and he found a people near it.” (۸۶)

Until he reached the sunset, it seemed to him that [Sun] It sets in a muddy and black spring and we found a clan near it. [The choice is yours] Either you are tormented or you are among them [Method] You will do good (۸۶)

He said, “As for whoever wrongs, we will punish him, then he will be returned to his Lord, and He will punish him with a terrible punishment.”

He said: But whoever does wrong, we will punish him, then he will be returned to his Lord, then he will be punished severely. (۸۷)

“And as for him who believes and does righteousness, he will have the best reward, and We will speak to him of Our command with ease.”

But whoever believes and does good deeds will be rewarded [Whatever] He will have a better one and we will force him to do an easy job by our command (۸۸)

Then follow a reason.

Then a way [other] followed the (۸۹)

“Until, when he reached the rising of the sun, he found it rising over a people for whom We had not made a shield from it.”

until he reached the place where the sun rises [Sun] particle for direct object [Such] He found that it was dawning on a people for whom we had not put a cover against them (۹۰)

«Kzlk w qad ahtna bma ldia khabra»

Such [was going] And we were definitely surrounded by the news that was in front of him (۹۱)

Then follow a reason.

He followed another path (۹۲)

“Until, when he reaches between the two dams, he finds a people besides them who can hardly understand a word.”

until he reached between two barriers against them [dam] He found a tribe that could not understand any language (۹۳)

They said, “O Dhul-Qarnayn, Gog and Magog are corrupt in the land, so shall we make you an income on the condition that you make a barrier between us and them?”

They said, O Dhul-Qarnain, are Gog and Magog seriously corrupting the earth? [May] We will provide you with money so that you can put a barrier between us and them (۹۴)

«Qal ma makni fiherbi kheer fa'inuni bquwah aj'al binkam w binhm rdma»

He said what my Lord has enabled me to do [From your financial help] It is better to force me [a human] help me [until the] I will put a strong barrier between you and them (۹۵)

“Bring me a shard of iron until it is equal to the two shells.” He said, “Blow it until it turns it into fire.” “He said, “Bring me to pour drops of water on it.”

He said, "Bring me pieces of iron so that when the two mountains are equal, we will give them until that time." [Parts] put it on fire, he said, bring me molten copper to pour on it (۹۶)

“They were not able to reveal it, and they were not able to excavate it.”

[As a result of the wild tribes] Couldn't get over it [Barrier] They went up and could not pierce it (۹۷)

He said: This is mercy from my Lord, so when the promise of my Lord came, He made it bitter, and the promise of my Lord was true.

He said this is a mercy from my Lord[Mine] Because the promise of my Lord will come [dam] Crush it and the promise of my Lord is true (۹۸)

After a relatively short introduction, we go to the main topic .

Attributes of Dhul-Qarnain according to the Qur'an

The Holy Qur'an is used well because Dhul-Qarnain had distinguished qualities :

God gave him the means of victory .

He had three important battles: To the west, to the east and finally to an area where there was a mountain pass, and in each of these journeys he encountered tribes. .

He was a faithful, united, and kind man, and he did not deviate from justice and giving, and for this reason, he was subject to the special grace of God. .

He was a friend of good people and an enemy of oppressors and oppressors, and he was not interested in worldly wealth and wealth .

He believed in both God and the Day of Resurrection .

He is the creator of one of the most important and powerful dams, a dam in which iron and copper were used instead of bricks and stones. . His purpose in building this dam was to help an oppressed group against the oppression of Gog and Magog. .

He was someone whose name was famous among a group of people before the revelation of the Qur'an, and therefore the Quraysh or the Jews of the Prophet (ص) They asked about it .

sample interpretation; Volume 12; Pages 544 and 545, with a little pseudonym

matter of descent

According to the traditions that have been revealed regarding the revelation of the verses, the questioners about this matter were the Jewish Prophet, or the Quraish at the instigation of the Jews. (Yesilunik from Dhi al-Qarnain)

Sample Commentary - Volume 12 - Page 545

Many commentators briefly say this about the revelation of the verses of Surah Kahf:

A group of Quraysh leaders, two of their companions to investigate about the Prophet of Islam (ص) sent to the Jewish scholars in Medina. They came to Madinah and contacted the Jewish scholars and narrated the words of Quraysh.

The Jewish scholars told them that you have three questions from Muhammad (ص) Ask questions, if he answers all of them, he is a prophet from God, otherwise he is a liar who you can make any decision about.(According to some hadiths, if he answers two questions with a sufficient answer and answers one question with an open mind, he is a prophet)

First, ask him what was the story of that group of young people who separated from their people in the distant past? Because they had a strange history!

And also ask him who was the man who circumambulated the earth and reached the east and west of the world and what was his story?

And also ask what is the truth of the soul? It has also been narrated about the third question that they asked about the story of Moses and his young companion.

look at:

Sample interpretation – Volume 12 – P. 352 and 353

Translated by al-Mizan c : ۱۳ص :۳۳۹

The name of Zulqarnain

The article that attracts attention here is that Zulqarnain (The owner of two centuries) Why is it called by this name? [One of the meanings of the word "horn" in Arabic is horn, which is perhaps the most common meaning.]

[Some legends say that Hazrat Dhul-Qarnain had two horns and hid them from everyone]

Some believe that this name is because he reached the east and west of the world, which the Arabs interpret as Qarni al-Shams ( Two horns of the sun ) he does .

Others believe that the name was given because he lived or ruled for two centuries, and there are different opinions on how long a century is. .

Some say that there was a special protrusion on both sides of his head and because of that he was known as Zulqarnain .

And finally, some are of the opinion that his special crown had two horns .

and other beliefs that take a long time to narrate all of them .

Sample interpretation – Volume 12 - page 544

[Some of these may be true, but none of them may be true, and this name was given to Dhul-Qarnain for other reasons. ]

Who was Zulqarnain?
Examining the candidates of Zulqarnain

According to Islamic interpretations, the candidates named for Dhul-Qarnain are: :

Shin Huang T ( From the kings of China ) – Belness ( of the kings of Assyria) – فریدون ( Pishdadi king of Iran ) – Alexander the Macedonian ( Alexander, Macedonian conqueror ) – Iskandar known as Iskandar Zulqarnain ( Iranian-Roman king of the world ) – One of the kings of Hamir (Yemen) ( Most likely, his number ) – The Great Cyrus ( Achaemenid king of Iran )

Many believe that Darius the Great and Xerxes the son of Darius can be considered as candidates of Dhul-Qarnain. . ( Of course, this is hard to accept. )

Many scientists believe that among these names, "Iskander", "one of Hamir's kings" and "Korosh Kabir" have more luck. .

Now let's examine each of these names .

Shin Huang T

Some people believe that Zul al-Qarnain is one of the kings of China and that the dam mentioned in the Qur'an is the Great Wall of China, and there are traces of it to this day. . Allameh Tabatabai, in his commentary, quotes the example of the belief of these thinkers as follows :

"The dam mentioned in the Qur'an is the Great Wall of China, that long wall between China and Mongolia, and one of the kings of China named ( Shin Hwank T ) He built it to stop Mongol invasions from China, the length of this wall is three thousand kilometers and its width is 9 meters.

It is 15 meters high, all of which are built with stone, and it was started in 264 BC and finished after ten or twenty years. . So Zulqarnain was the same king.

But Allameh Tabatabai does not accept this issue and rejects it with suitable arguments .

Allameh Tabatabai's answer : "But this historian did not pay attention to the fact that the characteristics and specifics that the Qur'an mentioned about Dhul-Qarnain and the dam that the Qur'an attributed to him for building do not match with this king and this wall of China, because it is not mentioned about this king that he traveled to the Maghrib al-Aqsa. And the dam mentioned in the Qur'an is located in the middle of two mountains, and pieces of iron and diameter, i.e., molten copper, are used in it, and the Great Wall of China is 3 thousand kilometers from the mountain and the earth as well, both of them pass and the middle of the two mountains is not located. is, and the wall of China was built with stone and no iron or chisel was used in it.

Translation of Tafsir Al-Mizan - Volume 13 - Page 645 ( Publication of Allameh Tabatabai Scientific and Intellectual Foundation - in cooperation with Raja Publishing Center and Amir Kabir Publishing House )

The great wall of china

Belness

But another possibility has been mentioned, which is the possibility of dumbness and has little reputation . But this low reputation is not a proof that this theory is wrong .

This theory is quoted from the book of Knowledge of the Universe, written by Hasan bin Qatan Marozi, a physician and astrologer who died in 548 AH, and in it, the king's name is "Belins" and also "Iskander". .

This theory says :

The one who built the mentioned dam was one of the kings of Assyria, which was invaded by the Seth people around the 7th century BC. . ( These tribes invaded from the Caucasus mountains to Armenia, then the western region of Iran, and probably reached Assyria itself and its capital. )

Inevitably, the king of Andiyar built a dam to prevent them . which seems to be referring to the Bab al-Abuwab dam, whose repair or restoration is attributed to Khosrow Anushiran, one of the Persian emperors .

Allameh Tabatabai's answer : But all the discussion is in matching it with the Quran .

Translation of Tafsir al-Mizan - Volume 13 - Pages 645 and 646 ( Publication of Allameh Tabatabai Scientific and Intellectual Foundation - in cooperation with Raja Publishing Center and Amir Kabir Publishing House )

فریدون

But there is a very interesting possibility that Zulqarnain is the same Fereydoun of legends .

Ruh Ma'ani wrote : some have said : He means Dhul-Qarnain, his name is Faridun, son of Esfan, son of Jamshid, he was the fifth king of Iran, and he was a just and obedient kingdom. It is stated in Ibn Zayd Balkhi's book Sur al-Aghalim that he was a supporter of revelation, and it is mentioned in general records that he conquered all the earth. He divided the income among his children . [The names of his children were Iraj, Tur and Salam, which means that the land of Iran has reached Iraj .]

His name is Dhil-Qarnain ( The owner of two centuries ) It was because he owned both sides of the world, or he owned it during the days of his reign, because his reign lasted for five hundred years, as shown in the Al-Safa cemetery, or it was because his courage and strength were all-powerful. He overshadowed the world, this was the speech of the spirit of meaning

Allameh Tabatabai's answer : The problem with this speech is that history does not admit it.

Translation of Tafsir al-Mizan - Volume 13 - Page 646 ( Publication of Allameh Tabatabai Scientific and Intellectual Foundation - in cooperation with Raja Publishing Center and Amir Kabir Publishing House )

Unfortunately, throughout history, there have been many attacks on Iran and many sciences, including the history of this country, have been lost. . In addition to these, many of our ancient works have been lost in the modern era .

Therefore, there is no knowledge of Fereydoun as it should be. In general, two valuable sources that can be used, one is the Shahnameh of Hakim Abulqasem Ferdowsi, and the other is the Avesta book..

Fereydun is known as one of the greatest Pishdadi kings in Iranian legends, and the beautiful story of Fereydun and Kaveh who fought against Zahhak is very famous..

The name of this king in the Avesta language is Thratheon, and it has great honor and value in Iranian epics.. After Jamshid, Fereydoun is considered one of the greatest nobles and legendary nobles.

It is said in the Avesta : "The 14th country created by me - Ahura Mazda - is a four-cornered vern (The same as Gilan) , where Fereydon, the killer of Azhi Dehak, was born.

The ten thousand year history of Iran - written by Abdul Azim Rezaei - Volume 1 - p. 37, with a little pseudonym

There are many opinions about whether the Pishdadian dynasty existed with this quality or not. Certainly, the history of living in the Iranian plateau is not limited to 2,500 years. Antiquities from the seventh millennium BC(9000 years ago) And even more than that has been found in this land.

If we want to match the Pre-Dadians with the history, it seems that they are placed years before the Medes and Achaemenids.. Perhaps it can be said that the time of the Pishdadians is in harmony with the pre-historic period of Iran; So that some researchers do not consider Pishdadi kings to be a special person but a historical period, for example Mr. Fereydon Junadi believes: Jamshid is the shining period of the Arya race. And this is the time when the engineering houses were built, perfume and diba and color, May and medicine, Lal stones, ruby ​​and pyroze were known..

Fereydoun Junidi. زروان. First edition, Tehran: Neishabur Foundation, 1358

Fereydon is also known as the period of the triple formation of the Aryan race. Perhaps the pre-historic periods of Iran have appeared as kings in Iranian legends, and there is a strong possibility that the charming stories that are told about them have their roots in the historical stories of other kings..

When we compare the historical narratives with the stories of the Shahnameh, a kind of fusion can be seen before the Sassanids.. It seems that the narratives related to a special person are included in the stories of several different people, or the narratives related to several people are seen in the form of one person in the Shahnameh.. This combination is very natural considering the time when the Shahnameh was written. We know that Hakim Abulqasem Ferdowsi wrote the Shahnameh after thousands of years of the ancient Iranian dynasties, after the great invasions of Iran and their domination over the Iranians..

It should be noted that it seems that some traditions related to Achaemenid Cyrus appeared in the form of Fereydoun..

See for more information: Cyrus the Great in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh

اسکندر(Alexander) Macedonian

The most important candidate for Zulqarnain was Iskandar. During the Islamic era, many thinkers considered Dhul-Qarnain to be Alexander. But some people doubt that the Alexander they mention is the same Alexander the Great or that there was another Alexander in history..

It is so famous that "Iskander Dam" has become a famous proverb that we may have heard from our grandparents..

Tafsir al-Mizan says this about this possibility :

Some others have said : Dhul-Qarnain is the Macedonian Alexander, who is famous in languages, and Alexander's dam has also become a parable, which is always on the tongues, and there are also narrations with this meaning, such as the narration that is related to Musa bin Jafar (ع) Narrated, and the narration of Uqbah bin Amer from the Messenger of God (ص), and the narration of Wahb bin Manbah, both of which are narrated in Manthor.

And some of the old commentators from the Sahaba and Tabeeb, such as Mu'adh bin Jabal, as quoted by Majmam al-Bayan, and Qatadah, as quoted in Manthor, have also taken the same view, and Bu Ali Sina, when describing Alexander the Great, called him Iskander is called Zulqarnain.

Fakhr Razi insists on this theory in his great commentary. He said briefly :

"The Qur'an indicates that the reign of this man extended to the farthest reaches of the west, the farthest east, and the farthest north, and this is in fact the destiny of that day on the earth, and such a king's name should remain forever on earth, and a king who Iskandar has a share of fame.

Well, when it is proven in the Qur'an that Dhul-Qarnain owned most of the earth's surface, and it is also proven in history that the one who has such a sign was Alexander, there is no doubt that Dhul-Qarnain is the Macedonian Alexander.

Allameh Tabatabai's answer : But first of all, we do not accept that he said that the king who owned most of the land was Alexander the Great, because such a claim is not certain in history, because the history of other sultans reveals that his property was not more than the Macedonian property, but not less..

And secondly, the Qur'an does not consider the attributes of Dhul-Qarnain to be true for Alexander, and rather denies them, for example, the Holy Qur'an says that Zul-Qarnain was a man who believed in God and the Day of Judgment and had a monotheistic religion, while Iskandar was a polytheist from the Sabaeans. as his sacrifice for his "customer" is evidence of.

Also, the Holy Qur'an says that Dhul-Qarnain was one of the righteous servants of God and tolerated justice and friendship, and history has written the opposite of this for Alexander..

And thirdly, in none of their histories, it has been mentioned that Alexander the Great built a dam called Gog and Magog as mentioned in the Qur'an..

Translation of Tafsir al-Mizan - Volume 13 - Pages 646, 647 and 648 ( Publication of Allameh Tabatabai Scientific and Intellectual Foundation - in cooperation with Raja Publishing Center and Amir Kabir Publishing House )

Although Alexander the Great was a brave man and in some cases he treated the defeated with kindness; But according to many sources, this trend was not always present in Alexander's conquests. In the meantime, the capture of Iran, which was achieved with great difficulty for Alexander, shows many cases of the heartlessness of this popular conqueror of the country..

Maybe this unreasonable behavior of Alexander was caused by excessive drinking of wine. In the meantime, we can talk about the burning of Persepolis ( Palace of Parse city ) He pointed out that many believe that Alexander did this while drunk.

In the pre-Islamic sources of Iran, from Alexander with the title Gajste (Cursed) has been mentioned; But in the sources after Islam, perhaps due to the introduction of Greek sciences or the mixing of traditions, a different face has been drawn from it..

Anyway, it should be noted that when we examine a historical figure; It is possible that some sources that have attributed unpleasant deeds to that character can be criticized and some cases can be proved contrary to what some historical texts have said.. If we ignore the traditions related to Alexander being a Saebi and killing him (Which, of course, should be carefully checked and then discarded) There is no dam that has the characteristics of the Dhul-Qarnain dam and evidences show that it belongs to Alexander the Great..

Iskandar known as Iskandar Zulqarnain

In the book "Al-Badaya wa Al-Nahaya" he said about Dhul-Qarnain :

Ishaq bin Bishr narrated from Saeed bin Bashir from Qatadah :

Alexander the Great was a long time later than Alexander Dhul-Qarnain .

We mentioned this because most people thought that these two names had the same name, and that Zulqarnain and Makdouni were the same..

Alexander I was a faithful and righteous man and a just king, and his minister was Hazrat Khizr, who was one of the prophets, as we said before.. And the second one was a polytheist and his minister was a philosopher, and there was a gap of nearly two thousand years between their two eras..

Allameh Tabatabai's answer : In history, there is no trace of a kingdom that existed two thousand years before Christ, and reigned for three hundred years on the earth and from the farthest parts of the west to the farthest east and north, and built a dam, and was a pious believer and a prophet. His minister is Khizr and he has gone to the darkness in search of the water of life, whether his name is Iskandar or not..

Translation of Tafsir al-Mizan - Volume 13 - Pages 648 and 649( Publication of Allameh Tabatabai Scientific and Intellectual Foundation - in cooperation with Raja Publishing Center and Amir Kabir Publishing House )

It can be assumed that after Islam, an idealistic myth like Iskandar Zulqarnain gradually arose among Iranians and Muslims.. Perhaps this myth was created from the fusion of the traditions related to the great rulers of Iran and the world. As mentioned, this combination is very natural considering the conditions of that time. For example, we know that Hakim Abulqasem Ferdowsi wrote the Shahnameh after the passage of thousands of years from ancient Iranian dynasties, after the great invasions of Iran and their domination over Iranians..

According to Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Alexander's father was named Darab, the king of Iran, and his mother was Nahid, the daughter of the Roman emperor..

Naturally, many scholars of that time did not consider anyone more worthy than this mythical figure as Zul-Qarnain..

The story of Hazrat Dhul-Qarnain was also attributed to him in the Qur'an, which we can reach by reading the Shahnameh.

For example, in the section about closing the Gog and Magog dam, it says so:

Jahanjovi when he saw them playing / Raise their necks to the sun

Ask Kaider what is surprising / Kazan superior cannot be measured

Shahriar's tongue is wide open / To complain about the turn of the times

We have a difficult task ahead of us / Let's say with Shah Puroz Bakht

Go to this mountain and go to Aberandron / Our hearts are full of pain and blood

It is not something that bothers us / Gog and Magog do not sleep

When they come to our city / Let there be sorrow and suffering for all of us

But legends and myths are always rooted in facts that need to be further investigated.

One of Hamir's kings ( Yemen )

Before we examine the kings of Hamir, we will explain a little about Hamir:

Today's Yemen, unlike other Arab regions, has an ancient culture and civilization . This civilization may be due to the prosperity of this part compared to other Arab regions.

This civilization is called Hamirian civilization, which is called Hamavaran in Iranian legends.

When we research about Dhul-Qarnain. The most difficult research is related to Hamiryan.

Because there are possibilities in different kings of Hamir and also the claimants say contradictory words..

Here we are going to examine this topic in a headline-wise manner

Claimants: Ibn Hisham in his biography and Tijan, Abu Rihan al-Biruni in other works(One of the kings of Hamir considers it more reasonable as Dhul-Qarnain), Nashwan bin Saeed Hamiri in Shams al-Uloom, Asmaghi

reasons : Poems that have been said :

And the difficult Zulkarnain has become a secondary / In the air, I smell a resident

Zulqarnain's height is certainly serious / Malka tdin leh الملوک و تحشد

Who will return and sleep people coven / Karama Fazwalqarnain Mena and Hatem

and the stories that are told from them .

Interestingly, all the claimants have a problem with the name :

The names they quoted : Musab bin Abdullah, Saabdi Al-Marayed, Hassan Al-Aqran, Asaad Al-Kamel, Shamirash.

The dam attributed to this king is Marib Dam.

It should be noted that all the dams that have been built in the areas of that land are for storing water, for drinking or agriculture, not to prevent anyone. .

Allameh Tabatabai's answer :

"First of all, the title of Dhul-Qarnain was not specific to the person in question, but several kings of Hamir's kingdom were nicknamed by this name, Dhul-Qarnain the first, and other Dhul-Qarnains..

Secondly, Dhu al-Qarnain was the first one who built the dam of Gog and Magog several centuries before Alexander the Great.

Allameh Tabatabai says this according to Ibn Hisham's own statements, who is one of the claimants of Dhul-Qarnain being Hamiri. .

This is what they say : "The history of Hamir is a vague history."

Translation of Tafsir al-Mizan - Volume 13 - Pages 650 to 654- The same as the previous publication

There are many narrations about the vagueness of Hamir's history, so that it may not be possible to trust the narrations that come from Hamir's history. . Abdul Hossein Zarin Koob says this about this issue :

"The history of no nation is as chaotic and confused as the history of Arabia, and among them, the history of Yemen is the most chaotic and confused.". As historians have not been able to believe and consider many news and narrations related to it as true. It is possible that the fantasizing and exaggeration during these news have been able to make a failure appear as a victory or a failure as a success.

"These narrations may be nothing more than legends, but in any case, some points can be obtained from them."

two centuries of silence; Written by Abdul Hossein Zarin Kob; Pages 37 and 38

In between Shimreerash The strongest possibility is Zul Raqnain .

For more information Here Click the

There are other beliefs that indicate that Dhul-Qarnain was Arab .

Again, there is a lot of talk about the Hamiris and whether the kings in Hamir were nicknamed Zulqarnain..

Ibn Khaldun and others have denied this news and considered it an exaggeration and rejected it with geographical and historical evidence.. ( All of these may originate from the ambiguities of Hamir's history.)

But the owner of the Tafsir Jawahar finally concludes like this: So it can be said [Zulqarnain] He was from the Arab nation, but he lived in the history before the famous history.

The Great Cyrus

Although Allameh Tabtabaei believes that there are uncertainties in this possibility, he considers this possibility more reasonable than other possibilities.. Today, the main possibility for Dhul-Qarnain is Cyrus the Great, the great and good Achaemenid king.

"Abul Kalam Azad" can be mentioned as one of the first people who said this issue, who has worked hard on this issue..

In Tafsir al-Mizan it is said like this:

Some others have said : Zulqarnain is the same as Cyrus, one of the Achaemenid kings in Persia who lived in 539-560 BC..

This saying was invented by some scholars close to our era, namely "Sir Ahmed Khan Handi" and "Maulana Abul Kalam Azad" worked hard to clarify and approximate it..

The summary of Abul Kalam Azad's statements is as follows:

"What the Qur'an describes about Dhul-Qarnain matches this great king, because if Dhul-Qarnain of the Qur'an was a man who believed in God and the religion of monotheism, so was Cyrus, and if he was a just king and a good man, and had a way of friendship, compassion and benevolence, this And if he was a politician towards the oppressors and enemies, this was also the case, and if God gave him a reason for anything, He also gave him this, if the middle of religion, reason, moral virtues, wealth and wealth, He gathered means for him for This was also collected.

And as the Holy Qur'an said, Cyrus also traveled to the west and even took control of Lydia and its surroundings. He traveled to the east again until he reached sunrise, and there he saw desert-dwelling and wild people who lived in the desert, and Cyrus too. He built a dam that, as the evidence shows, is the dam built in the Darial Strait in the middle of the Caucasus Mountains and near the city of Tbilisi.

Translation of Tafsir al-Mizan - volume 13 - page 659 - the same as the previous publication

To prove this issue, we must pay attention to the revelation of the verses of Surah Al-Kahf.

Look at the dignity of descent

As mentioned, according to the traditions that have been revealed regarding the revelation of the verses, those who ask about this topic from the Prophet Jew have been, or Quraysh at the instigation of the Jews (Yesilunik from Dhi al-Qarnain)

So the root of this matter should be found in the Jewish books.

Cyrus in Jewish sources

Among the famous Jewish books, we return to the book of Daniel chapter 8, where we read like this :

"In the year of the reign of Bel Shaser, a vision appeared to me after the vision that had first appeared to me, and I saw in a dream, and when I saw it, I was in the palace of Shushan, which is in the country of Elam, and I saw in a dream that I am in the Ulai stream and I looked up and saw that a ram stood in front of the stream and had two horns, and its branches were long. … And I saw that ram in the western, northern and southern direction of women's horns, and no animal could resist him, and because there was no one to free him from his hand, he acted according to his will and grew big. …

After that, in the same book, Daniel is quoted as follows : Gabriel appeared to him and interpreted his dream like this : The two-horned ram that you saw, the king of Madain and Fars ( or the lands of Medes and Persia ).

The Jews understood from the good news of Daniel's dream that their period of captivity will end with the rise of one of the kings of Media and Persia, and his victory over the kings of Babylon, and they will be freed from the clutches of the Babylonians. .

It didn't take long for Cyrus to appear on the stage of Iranian government, and he made the country of Media and Persia one, and created a great kingdom from them. .

Quoting from a sample commentary – Volume 12 - page 546

But Cyrus does not end here in Jewish sources. In the book Prophet Isaiah, chapter 44, number 28 says :

"And about Cyrus he says that he is my shepherd and he will complete all my pleasures and about Jerusalem he says that he will be built and about the temple that has been laid."

Also in the book Prophet Isaiah chapter 45 He says from the beginning :

« ۱) God, to his Messiah, Koresh, whose right hand I took, so that in his presence, I would defeat the nations and tighten the loins of kings..

۲) So that I can open the doors to his presence and the gates will not be closed anymore, he says:

۳) that I will break before you and make the rough places smooth and break down the doors of brass and cut the bars of iron..

۴) And I will give you the treasures of darkness and hidden treasures, so that you may know that I, Jehovah, who called you by your name, am the God of Israel.

Cyrus monotheism

The inscriptions and cuneiform inscriptions obtained from the time of Darius the Great, which were written shortly after the life of Cyrus, show that the Achaemenids were monotheists and not polytheists, and it is not reasonable to record the change of Cyrus' status in this short period of time..

Also according to Jewish sources (As we said above) He is a unified person whom God has praised.

In Tafsir al-Mizan; Volume 13; Page 660, generally says so:

If these writings are a revelation (Writings of Jewish sources) Let's leave aside the fact that the Jew, with the prejudice he has towards his religion, never calls a polytheist man as the Messiah, his Lord, his guide, his confirmation, and his servant.

To increase the understanding of this article and to study the religion of Cyrus, which is very important in order to study the identity of Zulqarnain, be sure to read the following article.:

Cyrus the Great Pagan or Monotheist???

Cyrus' journey to the west and east

West :

Dhul-Qarnain's journey to the west corresponds to the journey that Cyrus made to suppress and repel "Lydia"..

Historical review :

Croesus, the king of Lydia, united with the government of Babylon and Egypt and even, it seems, the government of Sparta, and sent one of his agents with a huge sum of money to the Greek islands of Asia Minor to provide a force of Greek soldiers there.. But the officer in question fled to Persia and went to Cyrus and informed him of the danger facing his possessions.

ten thousand year history of Iran; Written by Abdulazim Rezaei; Volume 1; Page 220

That is why Tafsir al-Mizan says this .

[Croesus, king of Lydia ] He was coming towards Cyrus with his army, and his coming was by oppression and rebellion and without any excuse or permission, Cyrus drew an army towards him and made him run away, and pursued him to the capital of Lydia, and conquered the capital of Lydia as well. captured him. In the end, he pardoned him and his other helpers, honored them and benevolent, even though he had the right to politicize them and destroy them completely.. »

Translation of Tafsir al-Mizan - volume 13 - page 662 - the same as the previous publication

"The adaptation of this story to the noble verse :

“Until, when he reached the setting of the sun, he found it setting in a spring of its own mud.”

that maybe [Purpose ] the west coast of Asia Minor .

“He found a people with her. We said, O Dhul-Qarnayn, either you will punish them or you will treat them well.”

From this narration, we said that Lydia's attack was only due to corruption and oppression .

Translation of Tafsir al-Mizan - Volume 13 - Pages 662 and 663 - Same as the previous publication

East :

Then he left for the great desert of the East, that is, around Bactria, to extinguish the hordes of wild and desert-dwelling tribes there, because they were always lying in wait to invade and cause corruption around them, and according to the verse "even if the sun is shining" Wajdha Taj Ali Qom Lam Najal Lahm Man Donha Stra "It is clear."

Translation of Tafsir al-Mizan - volume 13 - page 540

Cyrus dam construction :

It should be known that there is a dam in the gorge of the Caucasus Mountains, that is, a series of mountains that come from the Caspian Sea [Caspian Sea or Mazandaran Sea] It begins and extends to the Black Sea, and that strait is called the Darial strait, which is not unlikely to be a distortion of Dariol, in Turkish, it means a strait, and in Nahli language, that dam is called Demirqapu Dam, which means iron gate. And there is a dam between the two cities of Tbilisi and Vladivostok, which is built in a gorge located between two very high mountains and connects the northern direction of that mountain to its southern direction, so that if this dam was not built, the only opening would be It was the strait between South and North Asia .

By making this mountain range attached to the Caspian Sea [Caspian sea] And the Black Sea has become a natural barrier for thousands of kilometers between North and South Asia.

And in those ages, evil tribes from the northeast of Asia used to attack from this strait towards the Nubian region of the Caucasus, that is, Armenia, Iran, Assyria, and Chaldea, and they plundered the people of these lands..

Around the 7th century BC, they made a huge attack, so that their plundering, murdering and enslaving took the entire land, until they reached the capital of Assyria, the city of Nineveh. [ Babylon of those days ] They also arrived, and this time is almost the same as the time of Cyrus.

Ancient historians - such as the Greek Xenophon - have brought Cyrus' journey to the north of Iran to extinguish the fire of sedition that was burning in those areas..

And Ali al-Zahir seems to have built the said dam in the Darial strait during this trip, with the supplication of the people of that border and land and their oppression from the sedition of the evil tribes, and he built it with iron stones, and it is the only dam in the world in his construction. The iron used is the same dam, and the adaptation of the verse "Fa'inuni bakweh ajal binkam wa binham redma atoni Zabur al-Hadid … It is clear on this dam.

And among the evidences that confirm this claim is the existence of a stream near this dam, which is called the "Cyrus" stream, and the word "Cyrus" in the Western language is the name of Cyrus, and there is another stream that passes through Tbilisi called "Chorus" .

Translation of Tafsir al-Namone – Volume 13 - p. 540

Relief of Cyrus

In the contemporary era, a relief was found on which many evidences show that the image of Cyrus was engraved on it. According to some sources, above this relief was an inscription of Cyrus.

As seen in the image below; A man's cap or crown that is carved; It has two horns. (Qur'an means horn in Arabic)

Some believe that the presence of these two horns is the expression of the two peoples that the race of Cyrus reaches. Cyrus from a Persian father named Kambojie ( To the European Cambys ) And a material mother called Mandana was born. Of course, both were Aryans.

Maybe that's why his name is Zulqarnain.

Regarding the relief of Cyrus in Pasargad and whether this relief really belongs to Cyrus or a multinational goddess, you can read the following article, which is useful.:

Winged Man relief, a figure associated with Cyrus the Great

Attributes of Cyrus

Cyrus the Great is so well known in human history that perhaps there is no need to describe his good qualities.

Cyrus was a kind emperor who left a great mark in the history of mankind. By respecting different tribes and religions, he created a new way and method in the government system of that time.

He always treated the defeated with dignity and respected them. Many people with different beliefs and rituals considered Cyrus a savior from their God.

Cyrus was a prominent character that the people of his country called him father, the Greeks called him a hero, and the Jews considered him the chosen one of Jehovah..

Text taken from the site Ahura campus

See :Zolqarnain, Korosh, Shamrireash, Iskander, Fereydoun, Shin Huang T, Belins

This text is in line with The new policy of Parsian Dej It is placed on this website.