Reply to fake article "Pasargad made by Jews or Iranians"

Criticism and comments on two anti-identity articles, anti-archism at what price?

Answer to baseless claims about Persepolis and Pasargad

Sadegh Heidarinia
Member of the academic faculty of the Research Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought

(An excerpt from the Iranbom website)

Hint:

On June 1 of this year, an article entitled "Historizing a deviant trend from a deviant subject, named Perseus" was published in the analytical-explanatory database of Burhan; Its author, with the basic reasons proposed by Nasser Pourpirar and criticized many times, proved the claim that "how the historical experts sent by Western universities (This is the University of Chicago) By falsifying and lying about Iran's pre-Islamic history and manipulation and deception in the construction of Persepolis and creating imaginary stories about it, they have provided grounds for deception in a part of the society..

The author of this article, in the second part of his note entitled "Pasargad made by Jews or Iranians?" that in history 8/3/90 published, claimed that "Astronakh between the years 1340 until the 1343 He built palaces in the Pasargad complex and closed them to Achaemenid Cyrus 2500 last year attributed to this favorite character of the Jews to give a material and provable historical identity.. These two articles, which were written by a person with the fake name of Fazlullah Mowahed, were published in a short period of time in some fundamentalist websites and publications and some ethnic and separatist websites.. The article that follows is a critique of these two articles full of distortions, which were written with a fake name and apparently with the aim of criticizing a certain current, and the author of which has made national identity and cultural heritage the subject of a political dispute..

Introduction
The ancient history of Iran, like most of the long-lasting human civilizations, is full of dark and bright spots that have arisen by the hands of the good and this land.. For every people and nation, paying attention to and dealing with the outstanding and positive points of its history is as much a matter of pride as expressing its darkness and negative points is painful.. During the last century, when the western world entered the cultural campaign with the powerful tool of the media, it has always tried to present an ideal and beautiful image of its past, and on the other hand, with this powerful tool, it has faced the nations and countries with which they It has an angle. In the meantime, the arrow of Western art and media has pointed at Islamic Iran during the last three decades. The attack of the West on Iran does not only include contemporary times and the events of the Islamic Revolution, but also the traditional confrontation between Iran and Iran. (representative of the power of the ancient East) and Greece and Rome (Representatives of the ancient West) which lasted for a millennium, continued in modern times with a new language and tools. To the extent that in the last decade, Hollywood tried to destroy and humiliate the ancient roots of Iranian history and culture by attacking the ancient past of Iran by making several expensive films such as Iskandar 1, Sisad 2 and Prince of Iran 3.. Although there are historical dark spots in the history of Iran, like any other ancient land, but in a simple comparison and overview between the history of the East and the West, we can see that these dark spots in the history of the West, especially in its ancient past, are more than There are other countries and nations, but like most nations, they remember their past with pride and despise others.. It is obvious that in this cultural competition, Iran should pay attention to the whole of its culture and civilization, so as not to stop neglecting, despite the importance of valuing the cultural-civilizational heritage, sometimes neglectful elements or dependent on the foreigner with their voice and companionship are grist to the mill. They make enemies and deny their possessions.
Iran is a land that has been safe from various tribes and clans since the distant past, which, despite the differences in dialect, language, clothing, customs and even religion, have created a single and beautiful whole called Iran.. In the modern times, the constitutional movement which came to fruition with the participation of all the people of Iran once again added to this unity and unity.. With Pahlavi I's coming to power, Reza Khan's anti-religious policies, and his antiquarian propaganda and colonial policies on the one hand, created resentment among some ethnic groups, but the thread of national unity was too strong to be torn apart by the wind of politics..
With the establishment of the Communist and Tudeh parties in Iran, the policy of the Soviet Republic, which was to use ethnic tendencies to advance its ideological goals, entered Iran.. After September 1320 The democratic sect tried to create sedition in Azerbaijan and Kurdistan. The Peshawar government in Azerbaijan was the result of these policies and support. Although the life of this emerging and foreign government did not reach one year and the deep bond between the courageous people of this country and their deeply rooted religious beliefs deprived the Marxists of the opportunity, but it planted the poisonous seed of separatism for the first time in the thinking of a part of the society.. With the victory of the Islamic revolution, this current, using the open political space after the revolution, once again created nuclei among the Iranian ethnic groups, so that perhaps while tearing apart Islamic Iran, they could attack the revolution.. Inflaming the fire of enmity and hatred among the Kurds, Turkmens and Baluchs was part of the actions of the Marxists in the first years of the revolution.. These conspiracies were overcome with the efforts of the people who sympathized with the country and spent a lot of money.
In the late 1970s, one of the notorious survivors of the Tudeh party named Nasser Porpirar, using the mismanagement of the cultural officials of the time, tried to achieve the same anti-patriotic goals of his yesterday's like-minded people, this time in a cultural guise and under the pretext of presenting apparently scientific debates. to follow. Porpirar entered this field by authoring and publishing the book Twelve Years of Silence. He, who is one of the Iranian Arabs of Khuzestan, does not have any university education, especially in the field of history, so his works are full of contradictions, which become more visible with the passage of time and with the publication of his newer books.. Porpirar's claims of denying Iran's ancient past were welcomed by a small circle of student activists with ethnic tendencies.. He during the years 1380 until the 1385 He gave lectures many times at the invitation of these organizations in different universities. Of course, in these years, various works including electronic articles, books and printed articles have been published criticizing him. 5 Despite the extensive efforts of Porpirar and his few companions, his claims were so baseless and contradictory that he could not get anywhere and it has been two or three years since the Desolation is sitting on his works and claims. In such a situation, surprisingly, an anonymous and non-expert author in an article entitled the history of a deviant trend from a deviant topic, called "Takht Jamshid" which in history 1/3/90 It was published, with the preliminary arguments that it was a very hasty transcription of Porphyrard's work, to prove the claim that "how historical specialists sent from the universities of the West (This is the University of Chicago) By falsifying and lying about Iran's pre-Islamic history and manipulation and deception in the construction of Persepolis and creating imaginary stories about it, they have provided grounds for deception in a part of the society.. The author of this article, in the second part of his note entitled "Pasargad" made by Jews or Iranians? that in history 8/3/90 published, claimed that "Astronakh between the years 1340 until the 1343 He built palaces in the Pasargad complex and closed them to Achaemenid Cyrus 2500 last year attributed to this favorite character of the Jews to give a material and provable historical identity.. These two articles in a short period of time in the databases and publications: Fars, Rajanews, Kihan and some ethnic websites such as Araznews were published.
Since these false contents are published not from the tribune of ethnic and separatist currents but through fundamentalist news bases, it is necessary to pay attention to the dangers of such claims.. Those who study history and archeology, in dealing with the name Fazlullah Mohd. They find out that this reputation is fake and was chosen only to avoid the responsibility that comes with publishing such falsehoods.. Because at least the consequences of such writings are discrediting the author among the experts!
Although many historical criticisms have been written about the claims of Porpirar and his small circle, but in the present note, while expressing the dangers of anti-archism and anti-archism for national identity and security, to enlighten the audience's thoughts, I also present a critique of the baseless claims of the anonymous author and its sign. has been. The following review is presented in three parts: The first part looks at the generalities that can be criticized that can be seen in both notes of the author. The second and third parts respectively refer to each of the two parts of the mentioned materials.

The first part: A critique of the author's method and vision
1. Anti-archaeology and the issue of national security: As explained at the beginning of this post, extreme policies in the field of anti-archaeology have no result other than erasing a part of Iran's history and national identity.. When such debates are received by small ethnic groups and those who advocate separatism become the main promoters of anti-archaeology in the country, more care should be taken in publishing such works.. In other words, anti-archism is one of the words that excites the enemies of this land and water. To better explain the issue, it is not useless to mention an example; In the fourth grade history book of the primary school of the Republic of Azerbaijan, in order to create an identity for the land that has been considered a part of the Iranian soil for centuries under the name of Caucasus, the story of the death of Cyrus in the battle with the Massaget tribe was interpreted as the first confrontation between the Persians and the Turks. It is mentioned as the long hand of Cyrus, the king of Persia, who was killed by the queen of the Turkish people. Then, in the continuation of his history, he mentions the Safavids as the first Turkish government that expanded the borders of Azerbaijan to the waters of the Persian Gulf.. In such an atmosphere, the denial of Iran's ancient history and identity is actually a kind of harmony with those who threaten the identity and national security of the homeland..
2. Falsifying history with fake identity: While the author of the article claims to have discovered historical forgeries, he himself used a fake name. The fake identity of the author was the best warning for those involved in the argument to doubt his claims. Since these claims belong to Porpirar in more detail, their design with a fake name is actually to divert some of the audience who don't have a very good mental background of Porpirar.. Also, not naming and not referring to Purpirar's books is actually a conscious attempt to hide the hindrance of this flow..
3. Doubtful turns: The sudden change of the main designer of this idea in recent years is worth pondering. Porpirar's first entry into the field of Iranian history is through the book "From the Language of Dariush", in which he introduced himself as an editor and put his name on the cover of the book along with the author and its capable translator.. In a two-page introduction to this book, Porpirar introduced the Achaemenid era as "the harbinger of truth, equality, freedom, and justice" and considered it a source of pride for Iranians and wrote, "Certainly, the value of the book lies in the expression of all the facts related to that era. And through it, it is accepted that the power of managing and organizing the foundation of an empire, as well as national relations, became so strong with the help of collective wisdom that Iranians are still known to the world with their ancient and original characteristics, that is, good thoughts, deeds, and words."6 Another interesting point is that this book is written by Porpirar himself (In his publications) Printed. But shortly after the publication of this book, Porpirar denied the Achaemenid civilization by publishing the book Twelve Centuries of Silence.. Of course, he removed his name from the cover in the later editions of the book written by Dariush.
4. Challenges of Iran's cultural heritage at the international level: While Iran is facing the looting of its cultural heritage by western brokers in the global arena, a clear example of which is the dispute over several thousand clay tablets that contain valuable information about the economic history of the Achaemenid era and, ironically, were taken from the treasury by the same archaeologists. Takht Jamshid was taken out of Iran under the condition of loan to be studied at the University of Chicago. Professor Heide Marie Koch, the author of Darius's book, has extracted an important part of his valuable information from these clay tablets.. What could be the meaning of calling Takht Jamshid baseless and denying its function, in a situation where the Islamic Republic of Iran is trying to return the looted heritage and an American court with the help of Jews is trying to auction them off?. On the other hand, during the last hundred years, the most important museums in the world have been decorated with valuable works of Achaemenid Iran. (Especially the important works that the French archaeological team discovered and seized from Susa and its regions during a hundred-year agreement) Is the effort to return part of this heritage, which has become a source of rich income for these predatory countries, compatible with such claims? In fact, the only people who benefit from making such claims are the global looters.

Part II: Criticism and comment on the historical development of a deviant trend from a deviant topic called "Takht Jamshid"
1. Lack of connection between title and content: The first step in any scientific and research writing is the existence of appropriateness between the title and the content of an article. Unfortunately, the author has used a completely political title for an apparently research article, and at the same time, until the end of the article, he has not given any explanation as to what the deviation current - which is an emerging phenomenon - has to do with Persepolis and its excavations of the last half century.!It seems that the choice of such a title was used only to attract the reader and influence his mind more. However, with such an approach, in fact, the cultural heritage of a country has become a victim of political conflicts.
2. Ignoring internal sources and numerous researches: The author wildly claims that: "Our current information is limited to the views of Jewish professors of Western universities, especially the University of Chicago, whose scientific value and credibility are completely under question today, and it has been proven that they are engaged in falsifying history and writing lies instead of free scientific research, and with symbols They are baseless trying to create grounds for division between Muslims.. He, who has shown his ignorance of history and archeology in several different places, ignored the numerous traditions of ancient historians about Persepolis and denied the efforts of Iranian archaeologists in the last few decades, and emphasized on a topic that every familiar with History is incredible. Persepolis attracted the attention of European travelers from the end of the 9th century (1470M) After that, their descriptions and designs made ancient Iran famous in the western world very soon, and many writings appeared describing those works and understanding Iranian art.. It was through these descriptions that cuneiform was recognized and deciphered. The influence of Persepolis in the architecture of Isfahan's Forty Columns - which even took its name from the name of Persepolis at that time - is clearly visible, and it has influenced the works of the Qajar period, even on woven carpets and woven curtains.. The late Alireza Shapourshahbazi, in a valuable article he wrote for the Great Islamic Encyclopaedia, under the entry of Persepolis, discussed the traces of this work in Islamic sources, travelogues of European travelers and new researches. 8
3. Citing vague and undated photos: By presenting some small and vague photos, the author concludes that the Elamite works - which were the origin of the building of Persepolis - were removed from this area so that a new history can be made.. In picture no 1 And the image above, on the right side of the collection of images number 3, you can measure the position of this alleged building in relation to the facade of Persepolis.. This building is completely out of line with a significant distance from it. This point can be seen from the view of the rows of columns that can be seen in the distance. But contrary to his claim, these excavations not only did not cause the destruction of this old building, but, with all precision, the remains of a temple building came out from under the soil at this point, which was not only Elamite, but its Greek inscriptions showed that this temple was built after The destruction of Persepolis by Alexander was built by Macedonians or Parthians. Therefore, its inscriptions are in Greek script and instead of "Ahuramazda" they wrote "Zeus Majistos" and instead of "Mitra" they wrote "Apollo and Helios".. Herzfeld provides numerous images along with an archaeological report of this work. But the fact that this building is far from the main site and its low importance compared to Persepolis has caused the respected author not to see it during his trip to Persepolis and then claim that this building does not exist. 9 (Picture A) Besides, in an archaeological research, it is necessary to mention the date of the photo, the angle of the photo and its source for any citation.

Picture A: Vrathaddar Temple (Hertsfeld: 1380Tablet 84)

3. The difference between a ziggurat and a palace: Another masterpiece of the author is discovering that Persepolis was a ziggurat, not a palace or an Achaemenid building.! Then, by presenting a small picture of the ziggurat of Chaghazanbil, he tries to make the two look similar.. But then he introduces the ziggurat of Persepolis as a Babylonian building! In fact, he does not know that the ziggurat of Cheghazanbil is not basically a Babylonian building! Rather, the most important remaining building of the Elamite king "Ontashgal" in "Duravantash" is built entirely of clay.. Then, by presenting several images, it shows that this Babylonian ziggurat! It was never finished and was incomplete from the beginning. Some acquaintances and experts may criticize this lowly person, how much nonsense does it need to answer.! But since this rubbish may deceive the uninitiated mind, I will recount its contradictions..

First, the ziggurat is a pyramid-shaped building that has no resemblance to a building built on a wide surface.. Because the ziggurat is a staircase to the sky, the ziggurat is a solid adobe building whose outer surface is covered with bricks and does not have any interior space. (Image b) Also, contrary to the author's claim, the ziggurat of Cheghazanbil was also found by Western scientists and Roman Girshman, a French archaeologist, carefully excavated and excavated it for years, and ironically, the results of these excavations, which were continued by foreign and Iranian groups for half a century later, Several book volumes have been published. 10 Moreover, the registration of this valuable building in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites is another evidence of special attention to it..

Image b: Ziggurat of Chaghazanbil (Left side) And a model of a ziggurat

8. Takht Jamshid is a complete or semi-finished building: Showing scattered photos of Persepolis and inferring that the building in question is a half-finished Babylonian building is like putting selected pieces of a broken pot together to make a small clay bowl.. In his hypothesis, the author did not think about how he should reconcile the tablets in Persepolis and the numerous reports of Greek historians about this huge building with his claim.. Dariush announces the construction of this building in several inscriptions in Persepolis: "Before, there was no fortress in this place. At the request of Ahuramazda, I built this fortress… And I made it strong, beautiful and resistant"11, of course, it is necessary to mention that the facade of Persepolis was built in an area of ​​125,000 square meters during the reign of Darius, Xerxes and Ardashir I, and each part has its own history. has the. The works of Persepolis are divided into four categories, this category was according to a regular plan, as it divides the area into four almost equal parts.: 1) In the southeast, "Khazaneh" is located, the original of which - which was much smaller - was built by Darius, and later Xerxes made changes in it and made it into a rectangular fortress.. 2) In the southwest quarter, the exclusive palaces of Darius (tchar) and Xerxes (Hadish) And the building is uncertain. The "Three Door Palace" or "Central Palace" which was built by Xerxes and finished by Ardeshir I, is located right in the middle of Persepolis.. In the south of the Thatcher courtyard and in the west of Hadish, there was the "Palace of Ardeshir I", which became like a fortress after the Achaemenid period.. To the east of Hadish's yard and west of the treasury, "Khasyarsha's harem" is located . 3) In the northeast quarter of Safa, the "Palace of the Hundred Pillars" (Xerxes started its construction and Ardashir I completed its construction) And the gate is half of its northern courtyard and also the place of Qaravlan. 4) The north-west part of the area consists of a large two-sided staircase in the north-west and the "Gate of the Nations" or "Xerxes' Gate" (Both were made by Xerxes) And the great palace known as Apadana, and Darius began its construction and Xerxes completed its work.. In the center of Safa, there is a small palace with three doors, which leads to all the surrounding palaces. The construction of this palace was also started by Xerxes and Ardashir I finished it.12 In this way, what is shown in the photo of this huge complex is a figure related to one of the gates, which according to the consensus of archaeologists, this gate is the only part The building of Persepolis is incomplete.
The details of the construction of the buildings of Persepolis with materials, each part of which was brought from a corner of the Achaemenid Empire, and a large group of workers and artisans with specific salaries and wages, are more detailed than can be given here.. But to clarify the architectural style, several points are mentioned. The author emphasizes that this is a Babylonian building and by showing the cow statue in image no 31 And then show the horse in picture no 32 Like the previous examples, the photos were taken from two different parts, and this point can be seen from the columns behind the photo no. 31 are present, found - it infers that archaeologists have tried to Persianize the Babylonian building! But he is unaware of the fact that although many Babylonian, Greek and… It is present in this building, but finally the content of the building has found an independent identity with the attitude of Darius and Xerxes. In this building, unlike the Babylonian buildings, we don't see a line of defeated people who present their gifts and tributes with the utmost humiliation and in captivity, as if they were slaves.. Rather, the representatives of various nations under the rule of the Achaemenids visit this magnificent building with the utmost respect and in guest clothes, with their native and official makeup, even with weapons, along with a Persian or Madi host to present their gifts.. Although the style of stone cutting, inspired by Sardis architecture, is close to Greek architecture in the two buildings of Pasargad and Persepolis, but unlike Greek art, there is never a naked figure of a man or woman in these numerous figures.. While the Greeks used to draw their gods naked, hundreds of statues were carved in this building, all of which were displayed in luxurious clothing.. There are many such examples that make the architecture of Persepolis completely Iranian in terms of content. 13
9. New works, a new problem in front of false claimants: In the last part of the article about Persepolis, the author claims that "the so-called Jewish experts of the University of Chicago, in order to introduce the treasury section of Persepolis, the bases of columns from various parts of Persepolis and also the Greek temple in the south were transferred to this part.. Due to the inadequacy of this base of the columns, he proceeded to cut the base of the columns and make them the base of the columns 2500 It is not useless to state two points in this regard. Since the author is looking for a wall in another place and based on this, he thinks that since there is no stone wall, then the building of Persepolis is incomplete, I must remind him that Persepolis was a building made of raw clay, parts of which include , the base of the columns (In some cases, columns) And the entrance of the halls and in cases like Dariush's palace, the window frames were made of stone. The erosion of the soil has caused that only the stone parts of this building remain, and the wooden beams of the columns, especially in the treasury hall, and the wooden beams of the roofs have also been burnt in the fire, and ironically, as Dariush says, cedar wood was brought from Lebanon to be used in the construction of the building. , in the same excavations, cedar charcoal was also found, which, in addition to confirming the fire of the building, also corresponds to the inscription of Darius. 14 In the same way, another mistake of the author is also clarified that the treasury was not basically a stone building, but only the foundations of the columns of this stone building. have been.

Image c: The base of the exposed column from the Achaemenid palace (Lidoma) in Noorabad Mamsani; Exploration by the Iranian group

10. The findings of a recent decade and the violation of the author's claims: He showed a close-up image of a column base (Image no 33) It is claimed that this column base and its straw are newly carved! And the reason for this is the cleanliness of stone cutting. Fortunately, the excavations of recent years, which this time were not carried out by Ferangians and Jews, but by young Iranian Muslim scientists and archaeologists, show important facts.. First, in the last decade, several other Achaemenid buildings have been discovered and excavated in different parts of Iran, which have many similarities with the architecture of Persepolis and belong to the Achaemenid period.. One of these buildings was discovered in Noorabad Mamsani. According to the head of the archeology department, this building is "architecturally similar to the southern palaces of Persepolis.". On the other hand, it is smaller than the buildings of Persepolis, but in terms of the type of column bases, it has many similarities with the pillars of the Hundred Pillar Palace of Persepolis.". Archaeological excavations in this area have led to the discovery of the foundations of Achaemenid columns, huge paving surfaces, large stone structures, numerous marble vessels and a large pillared porch and its staircase. 15 Picture C is one of the foundations of the columns that after years of excavations Noorabad Mamsani (Lidoma Palace) It came out from under the soil and it is much cleaner than the example that the author gave in his article and considered it new! Excavation in Taoke Palace in Brazjan is another proof of this claim.(Image d) Many years ago, during a trip to Brazjan, I saw a part of a column base, shortly after it was excavated by Master Sarafraz in Taoke Palace, and I was amazed by the smoothness and polish of the stone, which after two thousand five hundred years had come out from under the mud. And the dirt came out, I was surprised.

Image d: The base of the columns of Cyrus Palace in Brazjan, which is like the base of the columns of Pasargad Palace, is of two colors, white and black.

And they are made with the same lathe (Dariush and Persians, Hints: 1380)

11. The expertise of a non-expert: The author's reference to a vague report from the engineering system organization of Tehran province is another masterpiece of this writing full of contradictions and distortions.. Is the engineering organization an archeology expert? Couldn't an impartial and knowledgeable archaeologist be found in Iran to make this visit?!Will the engineering system organization accept the opinion of an archaeologist instead of the opinion of a supervising engineer or accountant in the construction of new buildings?!? This expert opinion, like the original article, was provided by a non-expert.

third part: Criticism and comment on "Pasargad" written by Jews or Iranians?
1. Ignoring pioneering historians and archaeologists and the researches of Iranian archaeologists: In a strange claim, the author begins his article as follows: "Investigation of the archaeological signs of Iran in 2500 A year ago, it was never carefully examined by independent sources and the claims of foreign researchers who are probably all Jews were trusted." How he came to know about the religion of German, French and American archaeologists and they call them all Jews is a matter that It shows the sloganeering and non-scientific nature of his writing. He claims that the reconstruction of Achaemenid history is actually a historical forgery and "this cultural crime was committed by a Jewish Western historian named David Astronach".. According to him: "Astronakh between the years 1340 until the 1343 He built palaces in the Pasargad complex and named them to Achaemenid Cyrus 2500 last year attributed to this favorite character of the Jews to give a material and provable historical identity.. It should be noted that this Western archaeologist (which he calls a historian) Not only is he not the first explorer of Pasargad, but his main work is the continuation of the efforts of Iranian archaeologists.. On the other hand, such a claim is acceptable if no trace of Achaemenid Cyrus and his works have been seen before this date.. However, dozens of ancient historical books, especially Greek and Roman sources - which were considered the political and cultural enemies of ancient Iran - have spoken about the Achaemenid capitals, the glory of the first kings of this dynasty, especially Cyrus and Darius, and their palaces and buildings.. In addition, during the past centuries, Islamic historians and geographers from the works of Pasargad (old rock) have been mentioned many times. 16 In this falsification of dates, apparently the author's little information has prevented the valuable explorations of the late Ali Sami, who in the years 1328 until the 1333 done in Pasargad and its results in the archaeological reports of 1330 Publish later, see. In contrast to the unsourced and ambiguous photos provided by the author, Dr. Sami drew the plan of Pasargad palaces exactly as they are seen today in the year 1330 Based on the excavations, he has drawn. Comparison of two plans, which are respectively in Sami 1330 And Astronach in 1343 Shamsi presented about the palaces of Pasargad, it shows that Astronach did not add anything to what the late Ali Sami had drawn in his excavations and studies in determining the location of the palaces, the pillars, their number and the dimensions of each building. 17 (Picture e)

The map of the palace of the royal garden in Pasargad
Picture e: Both maps by Ali Sami in 1330 is drawn (Sammy: 1375)

2. Greek coins in the Achaemenid palace: The author mentions several coins that were discovered in Pasargad excavations without providing any documents or sources, just by showing a very unclear photo.. Of course, he does not explain that these coins were discovered by the same archaeologists whom he calls history falsifiers or that someone else found them.! It also does not answer the question of what the Greek coins are doing in this part of Fars province. Is it possible to imagine that the conquerors took control of one of the most important political bases of the Achaemenids and took control of affairs from there, therefore, their works were also found in the ancient capital of Achaemenids.. But the statement that no Achaemenid coins were found here is one of the baseless claims that have been repeated many times throughout the text. 18
3. Controversy about the remaining works: The author without explaining the point that basically what is left in Pasargad, including the relief of a winged man, a single raised column, the remains of a row, the remains of a fire temple and two stone hearths and… What period does it belong to? He criticized the statements of archaeologists as to why they equated the winged man with Cyrus and considered this as a reason for calling him Dhul-Qarnain.. On the one hand, he claims that Pasargad is called the beetroot planting area: "In this plain, devoid of any traces of existing palaces, without excavation and any archaeological operations, we suddenly see the growth of column cuttings and the base of several columns on the plain floor". On the other hand, in the opinion of archaeologists, he complains about the motifs left in Pasargad, and with this objection, he actually accepts the authenticity of those motifs and questions his previous statement that this plain is empty of any traces.. But about the relationship between Cyrus and Dhul-Qarnain, instead of referring to the efforts of Jewish archaeologists, it is better to go to commentary books and other researches to find out that this opinion has been presented by many researchers more maturely than in the past during the last century. 19
4. Comparing the winged man with an Assyrian scroll: In his writing, he mentions the role of the winged man of Pasargad in Elamite clothes, and then in the image no 18 And 19 By presenting a Babylonian icon and then a shape image of the Pasargad pattern, he rejects the presented analyzes and claims that there are many of these motifs in Mesopotamia.. He does not give an explanation about the origin of this work and does not make a correct comparison between these two images.. To understand the differences between these two images, putting them together will help the audience out of confusion.. (image and) Although there is a difference of opinion between historians and archaeologists about whether the winged man is an image of Cyrus or a god or a guardian angel, there is no dispute about whether it is Achaemenid.. Even though one hundred and twenty years ago, Deulafova wrote about it by drawing the above-mentioned picture.: "On the east side [the tomb] I saw a big white stone. It is certain that this stone was part of this royal palace. On one of its surfaces was an inscription carved in cuneiform with three languages, and beneath the inscription was a very delicate face of a man, stained by shifting weeds.. This face embodied in this stone is an example of an Aryan face… He has a short and curly beard. His clothes are like a lining… Iranians still wear this type of cotton clothes in winter. He wears a crown-like hat, which is similar to the crown of some Egyptian gods… According to Marcel, this role has the characteristics of the gods of the neighboring nations of Iran… It is the face of Cyrus himself".20 Of course, the author of the article does not mention the inscription of this image, while in this inscription, the name of Cyrus is clearly mentioned and there is no dispute about it..

image and: The sketch on the right is Diolavova's drawing from a late 19th century painting. Image above, left: Reconstruction of the painting with details of the inscription, bottom image, left: An Assyrian inscription that the author considers the painting to be Assyrian by referring to it

5. Description of Pasargad palaces in old works: Before Ali Sami began to dig and study extensively about Pasargad, in the last decade of the 19th century, Madame Jean de Lafayette, along with her husband Marcel, went to Iran and examined the ancient works and buildings of Iran with an archeological eye and gave an illustrated report in her travelogue. They have registered it. He describes himself with a report from Safa Pasargad (Throne of Solomon's mother) begins and then goes on to describe the remaining details of the palaces. Since the author did not mention the stone face and ironically did not doubt its existence! We cross it and quote it with other parts:
«[Description of the Cambodian tomb:] This old building is in the form of a square tower, whose walls are built with stone and without mortar, but the flat stones are connected by iron clamps.… We climbed up this ruined staircase and reached the door which was located in the middle of its hall… Although at first it seems that this tower was built by the Greeks, except for the decorative congress, it has nothing in common with the Greek architectural style.… [Description of the components of palaces:] We went down from there to a pillar that is still standing and many stones have been poured around it.… Its height exceeds eleven meters and its diameter reaches one meter and five centimeters… There are also some black stone cloths in its vicinity, which are placed in parallel, and it is known that these columns were also erected to maintain the building.. At a short distance, three jars can be seen, which are also made of limestone and each one is eight meters high… And one of their bodies is empty like a doorway, and in its upper part there is an inscription in three languages ​​in cuneiform, which the unanimous scholars have translated as follows.: I am Cyrus the Achaemenid king… From the columns and the bottom of the columns of black stone and three-jaw stone that have remained, this building can be rebuilt and visualized. It had a portico, on the right and left sides of which there were similar small rooms, and they were connected to the portico by a wide door.…In my opinion, this is the ruin of one of Cyrus' palaces"21
Walter Hintz, a German Iranologist who spent more than thirty years of his life studying the history of Iran, visited this site years before Astronach arrived in Pasargad and described it in his research.. He writes about the residential palace of Cyrus: "The residential palace has signs of Greek architectural influence. Apparently, after Cyrus 545 He captured Sardis, he was impressed by the marble buildings of the Lydian kings, and at the same time, he assigned a number of masters from Lydia to Pasargad.. Later, as noted by Karl Nylander, a number of teachers from Ephesus joined them. Based on the plans of Persian architects, these masters of Lydia and Ioni created such a complex for the new residence of Cyrus that even today's visitors are completely fascinated in Pasargad, even though there is nothing left but the ruins that tell of the greatness of that time - only in one particular case. Iranian and Greek talent and creativity have united in creating harmonious works. In the building of the palaces, especially at the base of very tall columns, the dark and light colors of the marbles are impressive. Then he points to another palace of Cyrus whose pillars have the same characteristic: "The same combination of dark and light can be seen in another palace that came out of the ground due to flooding in Brazjan.. Iranian archaeologists under the supervision of Sarafraz revealed the twelve pillars of a residential palace, which were once supported by wooden pillars.. The ancient geographer Strabo talks about an Achaemenid palace in Taoke. According to Malvan, this building, which is named Dariush Taoka in the treasury tablet, is the same as today's Barazjan.". The pillars of this palace, which were buried under the palace for many centuries, have been completely unearthed today and are completely similar to the pillars of Pasargad.. To negate Pasargad, it is necessary to completely destroy such works that have been discovered in the last few decades or the last few years.!
Omsted, who wrote his work before the start of Astronach's excavations, has provided detailed information about Pasargad and its palaces.. This is how he described the Bar Aam Palace, which was the largest building in the Pasargad complex: "palace, 250 At 140 foot was. In front of it, a porch with twenty wooden columns in two rows 20 It was a leg. On the two ends of the polished columns was engraved the inscription of Cyrus that we are familiar with… Great hall 73 At 80 There was a door in the middle of the foot, which was placed a little to the right, as a precaution, to prevent unwanted peeking inside.. Its sky was kept with six rows of columns, each row of five columns. The lower boards under the column had black and white stripes. This scene was shown four times on the front and back doors of the building. The king was seen in a long royal robe with a pleated skirt hanging between his legs, with a royal museum on his feet and a royal wand in his hand while leaving the palace for a walk around the campus."23
6. The author claims somewhere that the German Herzfeld was expelled from Iran due to a different theory about Pasargad and the baseless charge of smuggling ancient objects.. This storytelling is also a part of the author's lying. Because Herzfeld left Iran in a situation where the German archeology team could not continue the work due to Germany's involvement in World War II.. On the other hand, Iran was on the verge of occupation and was in a situation where it could not continue its friendly relationship with Germany as it had in the past.. But Herzfeld's opinion about Pasargad in his famous work, Iran in the Ancient East is as follows : "Pasargad is Cyrus in the distance 559 until the 550 B.C. built… What is in Pasargad belongs to Cyrus… In Pasargad, considering the time of construction and its distance, there is no possibility that someone or something was imported from Greece. In Pasargad, all the servants of the columns are safand, the Pastuns all have double pasang and round column shawls. 24 It is worth mentioning that there is a gap of more than two decades between Herzfeld's presence in Pasargad and the recording of his observations and researches, and Astronach's arrival there..
7. Misleading photos to deceive the audience: Author in pictures 4 until the 9 He arranged a number of photos from different angles, without including the source, to make the audience feel that there was no such thing as Pasargad until recently.. Throughout his article, he does not mention the important fact that the works of Pasargad are located in an area of ​​one hundred and seventy hectares, and every corner of it is a reminder of a period in Iran's history.. In photo no 4 The angle of the photo is such that the empty space behind the tomb (Or the square building) It can be seen, but by showing some other photos taken from another angle, the author shows works that basically did not fit in the camera frame in the previous picture.. For example, the author does not mention a part of Pasargad works called Tel Takht area, these fortifications with an area of ​​about 8000 square meters are located on a huge hill at the northern end of Pasargad.. This collection includes architectural works of several historical periods: stone structures generally related to the first Achaemenid period; adobe structures related to the second Achaemenid period; Clay and stone structures related to the Seleucid and Parthian periods; An adobe, brick and stone structure; Related to the late Sassanid period. 25
8. He mentions the remains of Greek works that existed in Persepolis and claims their destruction. However, what he calls Greek, a Parthian temple (Hellenic style) is mentioned above. This small temple, which is called Faratedar, is not even one percent of Persepolis in terms of area. Now, how can Pasargad and Persepolis be built from four walls with several pillar bases - which, contrary to the author's claim, are still standing?
9. In another part of his article, he showed a picture of one of the inscriptions of Pasargad and claims that this article has a spelling mistake.. Since it is unlikely that this cultural expert with his fake identity is familiar with ancient cuneiform lines, he must have borrowed this point from a place that does not provide a source for his claim like other sections, but to enlighten the audience, this explanation is necessary that about the time of the invention of cuneiform lines. There are different opinions, from the attack that some believe that the ancient Persian cuneiform script was invented during the period of Darius, and at the same time, some inscriptions were added to the works of Pasargad.. Also, there are various debates about the number of letters and errors in this alphabet, which is beyond the scope of this article. 26 But I remind the respected author that if the archaeologists who were the discoverers of the cuneiform script created this inscription, why would it be necessary to make it wrong? to write
10. The last point about the architecture of Pasargad is that, like Persepolis, this building is made of clay and mud with wooden beams, and stone is used at the base of the column, some of the columns, some of the door jambs, and some of the capitals, and what remains are the damaged parts. is a stone. Even in that period, mortar or mortar was not used to connect the stones, the traces of which can be found today, but the nails were used, which were inserted into the stone from both sides and connected the two stones, and this is because of the discovery of Its numerous examples in Pasargad and Persepolis are familiar to researchers (Picture of Z) But the respected expert, who has been a master's student in political science for several years, and political activities have deprived him of the opportunity to study, were ignorant of this issue as well as other historical issues, and therefore they are looking for plaster and cement and the like.!

Picture of Z: Dovetail fasteners that connect stones together

result of speech
In the 1950s, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi went to Persepolis and Pasargad with the hope of gaining national legitimacy for the shaky foundations of his monarchy to seek credit for himself from the tomb of Achaemenid Cyrus.. Even today, while the organization of the country's cultural heritage has been left in the hands of a group unfamiliar with the issue, and every day serious damage is done to a part of this heritage due to inefficiency and lack of knowledge, it is tying itself to ancient issues in order to gain acceptance.. However, it should be noted that just as the misuse of national heritage for political purposes is an abominable act, attacking this heritage and denying it with the hope of eliminating political rivals is a far more dangerous act.. Because the political matter is ephemeral and transitory, and what is created on the foundation of culture is permanent, now, attacking culture and doubting its manifestations is like sacrificing the original for the sub.. On the other hand, the global registration of cultural works, both ancient and Islamic, are a source of prestige for Islamic Iran at the world level.. Depending on how many of its historical monuments are registered as world heritage, any country can play a stronger role in the international arena.. Now, questioning two of the registered works that have been registered worldwide with bitterness and through difficult steps, is it considered service or treason?!؟

In the end, it should be noted that the Achaemenid era is a period of Iranian history that began one thousand and one hundred years before the rise of Islam, but due to the existence of monotheistic beliefs in Iranian society, a civilization emerged in which people like Greece and Rome In ancient times, they were not enslaved and captives were not killed like animals. In the moral field, the three principles of good speech, good deeds and good thoughts, under the shadow of belief in one God, were the characteristics of the Iranian personality..

In the political arena, Iran's fiercest ancient enemies, namely the Greeks, have praised the norms governing this society in their works.. These features are even found in Greek philosophical works. Plato also named four teachers for Iranian princes in the Achaemenid period and listed the duties of each one. According to him, these four are the wisest, most generous, most pious and bravest people of their time, and each one of them taught the prince his outstanding characteristic. they give.

The first teacher teaches him to worship Yazdan, the second one teaches him to always tell the truth, the most pious people call Shahryar to overcome his ego and lusts, and the bravest of them teach him courage and fighting. teaches. 27 Aeschylus (Achilles) In his poem against the Iranians, which was written after Xerxes' attack on Athens, he condemned Xerxes for his decision to attack Athens, he mentioned Darius many times with praise and felt sorry for the Iranians who once had a wise king like Darius and now Xerxes is their king. leads. Despite the fact that he wrote the play for the Greeks whose city was in the fire of Xerxes anger (in retaliation for the burning of Sardis by the Greeks) Burned, but throughout his work, he does not insult Iranians and describes Iranian soldiers and commanders with expressions such as "scary to look at and terrible to fight" and "brave and famous for tolerance".28

This point is important because it shows that Iranian culture and civilization, as a strong field, has connected religious and ethical people from the ancient times to the Islamic era, and perhaps it is the secret of the devotion of the people of this country to Islam and Shiism and choosing between right and wrong. Falsehood is rooted in their ancient moral virtues. Now, those who are trying to negate such a background, what do they have in mind and what benefit do they get from this action, except that "you are taking your burden and taking our trouble".

notes:
1. The movie Alexander is made by Oliver Stone, a famous American director. In this film, the bloodthirsty Alexander has become a hero and when he attacks Iran, he is warmly welcomed by the Iranians, he likes Persepolis and chooses a dancing girl who happens to be black as his wife, and then in Dariush's palace about World peace speaks!
2. The film Sisad, which fortunately was accompanied by many reviews, is another masterpiece of distortion in Hollywood cinema.! In an independent book, the author of these lines discussed how the West, by hiding the dark parts of its history, rushes into the past of a nation by citing a small incident.. papaya: Heydarinia, Sadeq (1386): Sisad Anti-Sisad, Tehran, Mehr Ravosh.
3. Prince of Iran is one of the most expensive action movies in America, the story of which cannot be compared to any part of Iran's history.. The image that this movie creates in the mind of the audience is in line with the Iranophobia project that the western world is following..
4. This work, which was originally built in 4 The volume was published, in the following years, it was expanded to more volumes and its scope expanded from denying the history of Iran to denying some events in the history of Islam and the history of Iran during the Islamic period.. papaya: Porpirar, Naser (1379): Twelve centuries of silence, a reflection on the foundation of Iranian history, Tehran, Karang. Also, for information on other works and a summary of his claims, see: http://antipourpirarcollection.blogsky.com/
5. The articles and notes written in Porpirar's criticism are more than can be listed here, but among the books whose content is criticism of his works, the following can be mentioned.: Ahmadi, Dariush (1384): Magnificent Hazaras, Gorgan Publishing Cultural Institute; Nemati Limaei, Amir, Ahmadi, Dariush (1383): Twelve centuries of glory, Tehran, Omid Mehr; Atai, Mohammad Taghi, Vahdati, Ali Akbar (1382):Arya and Pars Archaeological Validity, Tehran, Shiraz; Mahmoudi, Keyvan (1385): Porpirar and Zoroastrian Kaaba, electronic publication; Sadeghi, Houshang(1387):Cyrus and Babel, Tehran, Negah Publishing House.
6. Koch, Heidemarie (1376): From the words of Dariush, translated by Dr. Parviz Rajabi, Tehran, Karang Publications.
7. Rajanews base in a news titled: The failure of the Jewish plot to auction the Achaemenid tablets has been discussed in detail. papaya: http://www.rajanews.com/detail.asp?id=83525
8. To use the electronic version of the mentioned article, refer to the following address:
http://www.encyclopaediaislamica.com/madkhal2.php?sid=3356
Also, in his travelogue, Chardin drew relatively detailed plans of the state of Achaemenid ancient buildings in the 16th century and mentioned them with surprise.. papaya: Chardon, John (1374): Travel book, volume 4, translated by Iqbal Yaghmai, Tehran, Tous, pp 1389-1381.
9. Hertzfeld, Ernst (1381): Iran in the Ancient East, translated by Homayoun Sanetizadeh, Tehran, Research Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies. In the last paragraph of his note, he mentioned these things and mentioned this Greek temple, but he did not know what to write where.! or knowingly used the images elsewhere.
10. Girshman, Roman (1375-1373): Chaghaznbil (far off – That's it), translated by Asghar Karimi, Tehran: Cultural Heritage Organization of the country, period 4 Quick painter.
11. Koch, from the language of Dariush, p. 97. Also, for information about all the tablets and inscriptions of Persepolis that belong to Darius and his successors, see: Lowcock, Pierre (1386): Achaemenidian inscriptions, translated by Nazila Khalkhali; Under the supervision of Jale Amouzgar, Tehran, Farzan Roz Publishing and Research..
12. For information about the details of Persepolis, see: Shahpour Shahbazi, Alireza(1384) Documentary Guide to Persepolis, Tehran, Parse Pasargad Research Foundation. Venice: Shahpour Shahbazi, Alireza(1355): Illustrated description of Persepolis, Shiraz.
13. For information on the details of the motifs of Iranian donors and tribes in Takht Jamshid and its surrounding monuments and their analytical comparison with other similar motifs, see: Walzer, Gerold (1352): The designs of the Achaemenid imperial tribes based on the sculptures of Persepolis, historical research on the sculptures of the Apadana staircase, which became famous for the ransom parade; Translated by Dora Smuda Collaboration with Alireza Shapoor Shahbazi, Shiraz University.
14. Koch, from the language of Dariush, p 99.
15. To view the full report of Dr. Asgari, the head of the archeological board in Noorabad, Memsani Rek: http://noorabadcity.blogfa.com/post-32.aspx
16. Many Islamic geographers and travel writers have mentioned the remains of Persepolis and Pasargad.. papaya: Istakhri in Masalak and Malik (P. 123 translated by Abolghasem Payandeh), Ibn Hawqal (ص 194)Sacredness in creation and history (p. 444)Mustafi in Nazah al-Qulob (ص 121) These works have been mentioned.
17. Ali Sami's findings have been published several times. But after his death, in 1375 On the pretext of commemorating him, his findings and opinions about Pasargad were republished in the following work: Sami, Ali(1375): Pasargad, the capital and tomb of Achaemenid Cyrus (Zulqarnain), by the effort of Gholamreza Watandoost, Shiraz, Farsology Foundation. Also, to study his old works, especially his opinion about the capital of Pasargad and Persepolis, see: Sami, Ali (1330): Twelve-year researches of Takht Jamshid Scientific Institute in different historical points; And also in the same year: Scientific reports[From Pasargad]؛ (1338): Archaeological reports and the translation of several manuscripts.
18. To learn about the Achaemenid coins and especially the muskets discovered in Pasargad, see: Bablon, Ernest Charles Francois (1358): Coins of Iran during the Achaemenid era, translated by Melkzadeh Bayani, Khanbaba Bayani, Tehran, Association of Cultural Artifacts and Honors.
19. To read more about Cyrus and Dhul-Qarnain, see: Azad, Abul Kalam (1369): Zulqarnin, Ya, Koresh Kabir, translation of Bastani Parisi; with a foreword by Saeed Nafisi. Hosseini, Hashemfayaz (1384): Zulqarnin or Cyrus the Great, translated and compiled by Maryam Jalali, Tehran, Farhang Sabz. Badrei, Fereydon(1384): Cyrus in the Qur'an and the Old Testament, Tehran, Asatir. And also the interpretations of Al-Mizan and the example below of the interpretation of the verses 83 until the 102 Surah Kahf.
20. Diolavois, Madame Jean (1364): Iran, Kaldeh and Shush, translated by Ali Mohammad Farhvoshi, with the effort of Bahram Farhvshi, University of Tehran, p. 388.
21. Diolafova, pp. 385-388
22. Hintz, Walter(1380): Dariush and Persians, translated by Abdur Rahman Sadrieh, Tehran, Amir Kabir, pp 133 And 134.
23. Umstead, Umstead, Albert Ten Eyck (1372): History of the Achaemenid Empire, translated by Mohammad Moqdam, Tehran, Amir Kabir, pp. 87 ـ88.
24. Herzfeld, Iran in the Ancient East, pp 227 And 228 And 239.
25. For information about these details, as well as the works belonging to the pre-historic era and the works of the Islamic era, see: Sami, Ali(1338-1330): Scientific reports[From Pasargad]; Four-volume course. Shiraz.
26. For information about the ups and downs of the knowledge of the ancient Persian cuneiform script and the existing theories about the time of the invention of this script and its inscriptions, see: Walker, Christopher (1388): Cuneiform history, translated by Nader Mirsaeidi, Tehran, Phoenix. Sami, Ali: The script and its evolution in the ancient East and the translation of the discovered cuneiform and Pahlavi inscriptions, Shiraz. Moradi Ghaithabadi, Reza (1380): Achaemenid inscriptions: Bastan Persian cuneiform inscriptions, Navid Shiraz.
27. Mojtabaei, Fathullah (1352): Plato's beautiful city and Shahi Armani in ancient Iran, Tehran, Publications of Ancient Iran Culture Association, pp. 26-30. There is a lot of information about Shahriar's character and his upbringing from Greek sources. Apparently, this topic was of special importance to the Greeks. Xenophon provides the most knowledge about this. He was one of the Greek mercenaries who went to Iran with Cyrus the Younger to fight against Ardashir II, and apparently, following his acquaintance with Cyrus the Younger, in his two works, Anabasis27 and Kurupadi, he mentioned the characteristics of the Iranian prince and his upbringing.. About the characteristics of Iranian Shahriar, see: Heydarinia, Sadeq (1386): Iranian Shahriar; An introduction to the theory of politics in Iran, Tehran, Humanities Research and Development Institute.
28. To study the details of the play and historical, literary and philosophical reviews about it, see: Iranian play with an introduction by Reza Davari Ardakani, Tehran, Research Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought. 1389.