Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐏁
Attested in Old Persian

Babylonia

Lemma
Bābiru
Transliteration
b-a-b-i-ru-u-š
Transcription
Bābiruš

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Bābiruš; English gloss: Babylonia.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎲 ba Phonogram
  2. 𐎠 a Phonogram
  3. 𐎲 ba Phonogram
  4. 𐎡 i Phonogram
  5. 𐎽 ru Phonogram
  6. 𐎢 u Phonogram
  7. 𐏁 ša Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

9 occurrences
DB1. · 14100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃 𐏐 [𐎠]𐎭𐎶𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 𐏐 𐎢𐎺𐎩 [𐏐 𐎲]𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎠/𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎠

: a-u-r-m-z-d-a-h : [a]-d-m-š-a-m : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : a-h-m : p-a-r-s : u-v-j [: b]-a-b-i-ru-u-š : a-/ϑ-u-r-aToken span 14–14 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB1. · 80100% confidence

𐏐 𐏃𐎽𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎴𐎮𐎡𐎫𐎲𐎡𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎺 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎺 𐏐 𐎧/𐏁𐏂𐎶

: h-ru-u-v : a-b-i-y : a-v-m : n-di-i-t-b-i-r-m : a-š-i-y-v : b-a-b-i-ru-u-š : h-mi-i-ç-i-y : a-b-v : x-/š-ç-mToken span 12–12 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DPe · 10100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎼 𐏐 𐎢𐎺𐎩 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎭 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢/𐏁

: a-b-r : u-v-j : m-a-d : b-a-b-i-ru-u-/šToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DNa · 26100% confidence

𐏐 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢[𐏁 𐏐] 𐎠/𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎠

: t-i-g-r-x-u-d-a : b-a-b-i-ru-u-[š :] a-/ϑ-u-r-aToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DN/Dne · 16100% confidence

[𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎲𐎠]𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐏁

[i-y-m : b-a]-b-i-ru-u-šToken span 3–3 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DSe · 25100% confidence

𐏐 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽]/[𐎢𐏁

: s-k-a : t-i-g-r-x-u-d-a : b-a-b-i-ru]-/[u-šToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DSm · 7100% confidence

[𐎢𐎩 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎸𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎿𐎱𐎼𐎭 𐏐]

[u-j : b-a-b-i-ru-u-š : a-ϑ-u-r-a : a-r-b-a-y : mu-u-d-r-a-y : s-p-r-d :]Token span 3–3 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPh · 22100% confidence

𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎠 𐏐 𐎰𐎫𐎦𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎿𐎱𐎼𐎭

: b-a-b-i-ru-u-š : a-ϑ-u-r-a : ϑ-t-gu-u-š : s-p-r-dToken span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
A.2P · 16100% confidence

𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐏁 𐏐

i-y-m : b-a-b-i-ru-u-š :Token span 3–3 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.15.15

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.15.15.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DNa (Q007152) · Q007152.26.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DNa (Q007152), Q007152.26.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DPe (Q007161) · Q007161.10.9

Documented dictionary attestation in DPe (Q007161), Q007161.10.9.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSe (Q007171) · Q007171.25.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DSe (Q007171), Q007171.25.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPh (Q007216) · Q007216.22.3

Documented dictionary attestation in XPh (Q007216), Q007216.22.3.View source