Inscription line

Xerxes I, Persepolis (XPh)

XPh · 23

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎸𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹<𐎡𐎹> 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹𐏃𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐎠/𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹
Transliteration: : mu-u-d-r-a-y : y-u-n-a : t-y-<i-y> : d-r-y-h-i-y-a : d-a-/r-y-t-i-y
Transcription: : Mudrāya : Yaunā : tyaiy : drayahyā : dārayatiy
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

Egypt · Ionia · who · sea · hold

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 23
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎸𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹mu-u-d-r-a-y	Mudrāya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Mudrāya; English gloss: Egypt. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠y-u-n-a	Yau̯na	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Yau̯nā; English gloss: Ionia. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐎫𐎹<𐎡𐎹>t-y-<i-y>	haya/taya-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for tayai̯; English gloss: who. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎭𐎼𐎹𐏃𐎡𐎹𐎠d-r-y-h-i-y-a	drayah-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for drayahyā; English gloss: sea. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐎭𐎠/𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹d-a-/r-y-t-i-y	dar	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for dārayati; English gloss: hold. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

XPh 23

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

TITUS Old Persian corpus

This tool is developed by Persian Dej and uses Old Persian linguistic data available in the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, affiliated with the TITUS Project at Goethe University Frankfurt, as one of its scholarly and linguistic sources.

Use of TITUS data in this tool for educational, research, and non-commercial purposes is made with the written permission of the TITUS Project.

Data source:

TITUS Old Persian Corpus
TITUS Project — Goethe University Frankfurt
Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

Scholarly evidence chain and method of use

The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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