Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB1.)

DB1. · 32

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐] 𐎠𐏀𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎺 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎲𐎼𐎮𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎩𐎫 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎣𐎲𐎢𐎪𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎸𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹𐎶
Transliteration: : n-i-y :] a-z-d-a : a-b-v : t-y : b-r-di-i-y : a-v-j-t : p-s-a-v : k-b-u-ji-i-y : mu-u-d-r-a-y-m
Transcription: : naiy : azdā : abava : tya : Bardiya : avajata : pasāva : Kabūjiya : Mudrāyam
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 32

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:10

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

not · known · be, become · so that · younger brother of Cambyses II · kill · after · Cambyses II, king of Persia · Egypt

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐], 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 32
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎴𐎡𐎹n-i-y	nai̯	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for nai̯; English gloss: not. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐]	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎠𐏀𐎭𐎠] a-z-d-a	azdā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for azdā; English gloss: known. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐎠𐎲𐎺a-b-v	bav	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for abava; English gloss: be, become. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎫𐎹t-y	taya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for taya; English gloss: so that. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐎲𐎼𐎮𐎡𐎹b-r-di-i-y	Bṛdiya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Bṛdiya; English gloss: younger brother of Cambyses II. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
12	𐎠𐎺𐎩𐎫a-v-j-t	ava-gan	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for avajata; English gloss: kill. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
14	𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺p-s-a-v	pasāva	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for pasāva; English gloss: after. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
15	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
16	𐎣𐎲𐎢𐎪𐎡𐎹k-b-u-ji-i-y	Kambūjiya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Kambūjiya; English gloss: Cambyses II, king of Persia. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
17	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
18	𐎸𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹𐎶mu-u-d-r-a-y-m	Mudrāya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Mudrāyam; English gloss: Egypt. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB1. 32

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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