Ancient Persian languages

The ancient Persian language belongs to the Iranian language branch of the Indo-Iranian language group of the Indo-European language family.[۱] This language evolved into Middle Persian, which was the literary and official language of the Sassanid era, and later became Dari Persian or New Persian.. This language is from the non-Iranian language (Ancient Iranian language) originated[۲]

Fast facts: Ancient Persian, from
click …
Ancient Persian, along with Avesta, are the only ancient Iranian languages ​​that have texts or inscriptions left.. The ancient Persian language was spoken in the southwest of Iran and the oldest surviving text of it dates back to the 6th century BC.[۳]

Origin and background
Ancient Persian, which was the language of the Achaemenid court before Alexander's invasion of Iran, is one of the southwestern Iranian languages.. This language had a very close distance with the Madi language, which was probably two dialects of the same language. The ancient Persian language, which is considered to be one of the Varupai Iranian languages, which probably entered the Iranian plateau in the phenomenon of Aryan migration along with the Madian and Avestan languages.. Before entering the land of Pars in the southwest of Iran, according to what was obtained from the inscription of Shalmaneser III, the Assyrian king, this language was common around Lake Urmia.. In this inscription, which dates back to the 9th century BC, for the first time the name of Pars is mentioned in the Assyrian language as Parsava.. The word Parsawa(pārćwa) The older form of the word Pars(bandage) It has been known.[۴] The first official document of the ancient Persian language is the Bistun inscription near Kermanshah, which was written by the order of Darius I.. Darius, from whom this inscription was quoted, introduces the language used in it as Aryan language.[۵] For this reason, there is a possibility that the ancient Madi language and Persian as well as the eastern Iranian languages ​​were all under the name of Aryan and had separate dialects and accents in each region.. The period of the beginning of speaking in the ancient Persian language among Persians is not known, but from linguistic evidence and comparison with the Avestan and Sanskrit languages, which are contemporaneous with the ancient Persian language, it seems that the ancient Persian language was spoken long before the Achaemenid period and the mistakes Writing and grammar in the late inscriptions of the Achaemenid period suggest the fact that ancient Persian was probably a silent language in the last decades of the said reign.. The ancient Persian language is one of the few Indo-European languages ​​of the ancient period that was written during its popularity and left linguistic study documents for today, and therefore it is used as a constant in many linguistic studies.[۶] Middle Persian or Sasanian Pahlavi, which was the official language of Iran during the Sasanian period, branched off from Old Persian.. Persian language and other southwest Iranian languages, which are subcategories of Sasanian Pahlavi language, are all derived from ancient Persian.[۷]

Linguistic transformation of ancient Persian
The inscriptions of the 4th century BC in the Achaemenid period, which are related to Ardashir II and Ardashir III of the Achaemenid period, while having serious problems and differences with the Persian language used in older inscriptions such as Bistun, give news of the revolution and transformation of the Persian language in that period, which Sometimes it is called early Persian or late ancient Persian. In this period, the ancient Persian language became Middle Persian, which later gave birth to New Persian. Prof. Gilbert Lazar, a famous Iranian scholar from France, said this in this regard:[۸]

The language that we know today as New Persian, which was known as Dari Persian during the early Islamic era, can be classified as a continuation of the Middle Persian language, which was the official, religious and literary language of Sassanid Iran, and this latter language itself is a remnant of the ancient Persian language. It was the Achaemenid court. Unlike other ancient and modern Iranian dialects and languages ​​such as Avesta, Parthian, Sogdian, Kurdish, Pashto, etc., New Persian language is placed next to Middle Persian in the tree diagram of Iranian languages.