Cyrus the Great in Shahnameh

As فریدون It has a special and undeniable place in Iranian legends, and Cyrus also has a special and undeniable place in Iranian history.

The most obvious similarity that can be found between Cyrus and Fereydon is their confrontation with people with almost the same name. Fereydon with Azhi Dehak(Multiplier: ضحاک) And Cyrus confronts Astyac. As you can see, Azhi Dehak and Astyak are very similar to each other, and some even called Azhi Dehak Azhdhak, which makes it more similar to Astyak..

But the similarity does not end here. Other similarities can be seen between these two, including in the stories.

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The similarity of Fereydon's childhood story with Cyrus

The story of Fereydon's childhood in the Shahnameh is strangely similar to the story that Herodotus tells about the childhood of Cyrus.

At Shahnameh of Ferdowsi This is how it is said:

Because it was a long time since the usurping and persecutory kingdom of Zahhak(Dragonhawk) It passed, Fereydoun was born from the mother. At this time, Zahhak dreamed that a man named Fereydon would rebel against him and humiliate him.. That's why he ate and sleep was forbidden to him, and he went to find Fereydoun.

Abdulazim Rezaei's summary of Shahnameh, ten thousand years history of Iran

According to history(Dates) Herodotus' story of Cyrus' childhood is like this:

Astyak had a daughter named Mandana, and one night he dreamed that a vine grew from his daughter's womb and cast a shadow over Asia.. Astyak had already dreamed that his daughter's urine had turned into a plague that swept his capital and then the whole of Asia.. After he asked the dreamers about the interpretation of the dream, he planned to destroy Mandana's baby, which was Cyrus.

History (Dates) Herodotus, book 1, paragraphs 107 and 108

As it can be seen, the king before Fereydon and Cyrus thought of the destruction of Fereydon and Cyrus under the influence of the dream they saw.. But the similarities do not end here, both Fereydoun and Cyrus are saved from being destroyed.

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Sepako and Frank similarity

According to the Chronicles of Herodotus, a lady named Seppa(Spaco) It raises Cyrus and according to Herodotus Sepako means dog.

History (Dates) Herodotus, book 1, paragraph 110

Fereydon's mother's name is Frank in Shahnameh. From the name Frank, a meaning similar to Sepako can be taken. Frank means lynx, and in ancient Iranian culture, big cats were also considered dogs..

Our history, Javad Kohlan Mofard

It is not unlikely that Herodotus did not understand the meaning of Sepako correctly due to the lack of necessary knowledge, and in fact, Sepako and Frank have the same meaning..

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Fereydon uprising and Cyrus uprising

The next similarity that can be counted is the uprising of both of these people against the previous king. Fereydon, accompanied by Kaveh, staged a memorable uprising against Zahak(Dragonhawk) It appears in Iranian legends. On the other hand, according to Greek historians such as Herodotus, Cyrus rises against Astyages.

These two confrontations come to an end and improve the situation.

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Coordinations outside the Shahnameh

we know Babel conquest It was one of the most important actions of Cyrus, and interestingly, if we examine other Iranian sources, the connection of Dahhak(Dragonhawk) we see with the city of Babylon. Fereydon wins over Zahhak and captures him and imprisons him in Mount Damavand. However, the characteristics that are mentioned about the place of the first Zahhak in the Shahnameh are close to the geographical situation of Babylon. But in other sources, the word Babylon is mentioned directly.

For example, Sahib Majamal al-Tawarikh and al-Qasas says about Dhahaq:

Dahhak means funny. And the dragons said that the cause was on the shoulder... Ibn Rabkaun Ibn Sadsara (what) Ibn Taj Ibn Farwal Ibn Siamak Ibn Meshi Ibn Kiyomarth, and Taj was his ancestor, who was an Arab from the generation of Awand and settled in the land of Babylon...

Majmaal al-Tawarikh, pp. 52 and 26, quoted from Dehkhoda's dictionary

It is also said in Ibn Balkhi's Farsnameh:

They say that Zahhak is the origin of a dragon[Dragonhawk] is... and because of that you called him a dragon because he was magic and was brought up in Babylon and learned magic and once disguised himself as a dragon.

Ibn Balkhi's Farsnameh, pp. 34 and 35, quoted from Dehkhoda's dictionary

According to the ancient works found, the conquest of Babylon by Cyrus is one of the most important events of that era. The Cyrus Cylinder, which is one of the most unique ancient artifacts in terms of its content, refers to the conquest of this city by Cyrus and how he treated the people.. This is while, according to Xenophon's statement in the Cyrus Name, Cyrus's conquest is a continuation of Cyrus's defensive action against the enemies who initially intended to attack..

look at: Cyrus Xenophon's letter, book 3, section 3 - book 7, section 5

It can be said that when Cyrus is placed in the form of Fereydun, all his enemies are depicted in the form of Zahak, and the most important conquest of Cyrus, which was Babylon, is also recorded in Iranian sources as the place of Zahak..

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Cyrus and Ki Khosrow

Ki Khosrow is one of the most idealistic kings of the Shahnameh, just as Cyrus was one of the most idealistic kings in history. The wisdom of Ki Khosrow is reminiscent of the wisdom of Cyrus.

It is possible that Kikhosru is a transformed name of Cyrus. As mentioned, it seems that the core of Cyrus' name is the word Koro, and the Greeks called this name Kors. Some researchers also believe that the Greeks gave the name of Medan King Hovakhstra as Koaxares (Cyaxares) which is similar to Kikhusro.

The word "Kuakhsares" is taken from the preface of Abul Hasan Tahami for Xenophon's Cyrus.

If Ki Khosro with the name Siaksar(Yes, it's better) be related; It is not unrelated to Cyrus. Because according to Xenophon's Cyrus Letter, Cyaxar is Cyrus's uncle, and throughout the book, Cyrus is one of Cyaxar's generals and stands against the enemies.. Therefore, it is not unlikely that in the Shahnameh, the narrations of Cyrus appeared in the form of Ki Khosro.

It is not even unlikely that the name of Ki Khosrau was created from the mixing of the names of these two people, Cyrus and Hovakhstra..

Anyway, Ki Khosro's narratives are similar to Cyrus, and Ki Khosro has a character like Cyrus in our legends. Here we point out some similarities and then give more explanations about some of these similarities.. Although there may be differences in the details due to the intermingling of narrations, the generalities are strangely similar..

– The names of Cyrus and Kikhosro are similar to each other.

– The wisdom and justice of Ki Khosro with the tact and justice of Cyrus(Especially in Xenophon's Cyrus) It is comparable. The fame of Cyrus is due to his wisdom and justice.

– The childhood story of Kikhusro in the Shahnameh is similar to the childhood story of Cyrus according to Herodotus.

– The mother of Cyrus and Ki Khosro are from different tribes, according to Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Ki Khosro's mother was Feringis, the daughter of Afrasiab Turani, and according to Xenophon's Cyrus Book and Herodotus' history, Cyrus' mother was the daughter of the king of the Medes, that is, Mandana..

– Both kings thrive away from their fatherland: Ki Khosro in Turan and Cyrus in Diyar Madi (See: Xenophon's Cyrus).

– Both Ki Khosrau and Cyrus face their maternal grandfather. Cyrus's maternal grandfather, Astyac, attacked his grandson (Look at the history of Herodotus, which in this section has coordination with Nebonid-Cyrus' chronicle) But Ki Khosro stands in front of Afrasiab, his maternal grandfather, for Kinstani Siavash, who was killed by Afrasiab..

– After successive wars, Ki Khosrow drives the Turanians out of Iran and completely cuts off their hand from Iran.. According to Xenophon's Cyrus letter, Cyrus pushes back the enemies who were about to attack and shortens their hand..

– The death of Cyrus is similar to the death of Ki Khosro, and even the instructions before the death of Cyrus in Xenophon's Cyrus Name are strangely similar to the instructions of Ki Khosro in the Shahnameh..

Thanks to the ten thousand year history of Iran, the first volume, Professor Abdulazim Rezaei

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The similarity between the story of Ki Khosro's childhood and that of Cyrus

Again, Cyrus and Ki Khosro are similar in the narratives related to childhood. Afrasiab is afraid of him because of the prophecies they have made about Kykhusro, just as Astyages is afraid because of the prophecies..

This is what is said about Ki Khosro in the Shahnameh:

A few months after Siavash was killed in Turan by Afrasiab's order, Ferangis, Siavash's wife and Afrasiab's daughter, gave birth to a child named Kikhusro.. Afrasiab is afraid of him because of the prophecies they have made about Ki-Khosro, but he finally refrains from killing the child, on the condition that the elders hand him over to the shepherds so that he will grow up among them so that he will not know anything about his race.(It should be noted that Afrasiab had a dream before this that made him afraid of the future) When the child reaches the age of seven, the elders bring him to Afrasiab, and Ki Khosro, on the order of the elders, beats himself to madness in the presence of Afrasiab and thus escapes death..

Summary of Dr. Jalal Khaleghi Motlaq from Shahnameh, Iranology Magazine

We have already mentioned a part of Herodotus' story and we will repeat it here, but we will also tell the continuation of the story, which is relatively similar to Kykhusro's.:

According to history(Dates) Herodotus, Astyac had a daughter named Mandana, and one night he dreamed that a vine grew from his daughter's womb and cast a shadow over Asia.. Astyak had already dreamed that his daughter's urine had turned into a plague that swept his capital and then the whole of Asia.. After he asked the dreamers about the interpretation of the dream, he planned to destroy Mandana's baby, which was Cyrus.

Astyages orders one of his relatives named Harpagus, who is a powerful man in the Median country, to take the child with him and destroy him.. Harpagus himself does not do this and leaves this task to one of the king's chief shepherds named Mithradad.. But when Mithradad takes the child to his pasture, the noblewoman stops him from killing the child and accepts the child instead of her child who had just been born.. Later, when Cyrus reaches ten years old, one day while playing with Koi children, due to Cyrus's behavior, they find out the secret of his race.. But on the pretext that he called himself the king while playing in the alley, and by doing this, it was interpreted as Astyage's dream in Meghan's opinion, and Cyrus no longer threatens his kingdom, so he sends him to Persia to his parents.. (Summary of Dr. Jalal Khaleghi Mutlaq)

History (Dates) Herodotus, book 1, paragraphs 107 and 120

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Spreading provinces before death

Said by Ctesias ((Photius summarizes the history of Katzias, Book 2, verses 1 and 2 )) And Xenophon is in relative agreement with the way of distributing the provinces among the successors with what Ferdowsi's Shahnameh said about Ki Khosrow.

According to Xerxes' letter to Cyrus, Cyrus gave the reign to his eldest son Cambyses.(Cambodia) He gives it to his other child, the police of the Medes, Armenians and Kadushte.

Cyrus the Letter of Xenophon, Book 2, Section 1, Section 2

Katzias says that Cyrus chose his eldest son, Cambyses, as his successor, and sat the little boy as satrap.(Ruling) Bacteria(Balkh) And Khorezm and Parth and Kermanian. He also handed over parts to other people.

Photius' summary of the history of Ctesias, book 8, section 7, paragraphs 1 and 2

According to the Shahnameh, Kaykhosrow not only chooses Lohrasp as his successor, but also leaves the rule of parts of his country to the heroes..

Journal of Iranology, Dr. Jalal Khaleghi Motlagh

Click on the link below to see the rest of the article

Here

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Themes :

Ferdowsi Shahnameh.

External. Translator: Akbar Danasersht. Translation of the remaining works on the empty centuries. Tehran: Khayyam Library to Translator Company. Book Printing Company Printing House, ١٣٢١

گزنفون. Translator: ابوالحسن تهامی. Based on the English translation by Henry Graham Dakyns). The life of Cyrus (Cyrus Letter Cyropedia). second edition. Tehran: Negah Publications, ١٣٨٩

گزنفون(symphony). Translator: Khashayar Rakhsani. Biography of Cyrus the Great (Cyrus Letter Cyropedia). Iranshahr Research Association

Herodotus. Translator: Morteza Saqibfar. History of Herodotus. First Edition. Tehran: Myth Publications, ١٣٨٩

Photius. Translator: Kamyabi Khalili. Summary of the history of Katzias from Cyrus to Ardashir(Known as the Summary of Photius). First Edition. Tehran: Karang Publications, 2

Help letters :

Abdul Azim Rezaei. Ten thousand year history of Iran. Fifteenth edition. Iqbal Publications, ١٣٨٢

Fereydoun Junidi. زروان. First Edition. Tehran: Balkh Publishing, 13584.

The glory of the Absolute Creator. Journal of Iranian Studies. Seventh Year, Spring 24, No. 1

Javad Kahlan Mofrad, Our History Website, September 4, 2011

Ali Akbar Dehkhoda, Dehkhoda Dictionary, the word Zahak

Fertilizer themes(Pictures):

Tony Allen, Charles Phillips, Michael Crigan. Consultant: Dr. Vesta Sarkhosh Krits. Translators: Zohreh Hedayati, Ramin Karimian. Sky wise server. First Edition. Tehran: Ney Publishing, 2005. ISBN 964-312-796-6.

The promotional version of the documentary in search of Cyrus the Great, Spenta Productins

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Taken from Ahura Campus