History of Shiite Islam in Iran – Part 4 (The formation grounds of the Qadisiyah war in the chain and bridge wars )

The invasion of the new Muslims led by the self-proclaimed leader Umar Ibn al-Khattab to the lands of the Sassanid Empire was not a recent war. Instead, they invaded the borders of Iran several times and massacred the border residents, and because of the weakness of the Sassanid government, it was determined for them, and on the other hand, the economic situation The Iranians of that time were very good in cities like Basra and Madain … It had reached the ears of Aishen, and by looting the border towns, they had reached a booty far beyond their imagination. The envoys and government officials wrote letters to the caliph of the country, Gosha Omar, and explained the conditions. He collected numbers and numbers. He convinced every class with their own language.

Believers in the name of heaven in both house and wine of martyrdom.… invited. These are not the opinion of the author. Rather, they are all based on many historical documents in the books of historians, mostly Sunni, who, although they have made all their efforts to pretend to be the war of Islam and the world of disbelief and subversion, but where they wanted, they got from the abundance of trophies. And … The main goal of the attackers and the reason for their approval by the later writers is determined by the example of the cock's tail coming out of their hand..
Then Umar bin Khattab came to power and his reign lasted for thirteen years. Umar decided to send an army to Iraq, he asked for Abu Ubaid bin Masoud, who is the father of Mukhtar Thaqafi, and signed a warrant for him to command five thousand men and ordered him to go to Iraq. Join me. You can find each and every one of my sentences proved as a theory in previous and subsequent articles by reading cited texts without interference..

“Saleet bin Qais [158] who was from Bani Najjar tribe of Ansar accompanied Abu Ubaid and said to Abu Ubaid, I have sent a man with you who is superior to you in terms of Islam and you should accept his instructions, and he said to Salit, if not, then you You are hasty in war, I would appoint you as a commander, but only a patient commander is suitable for war..

Abu Ubaid moved towards Hirah and did not pass by any of the Arab tribes unless he encouraged them to move with him, and some tribes of them moved with him, and when he reached Qas Natef [159] Mushani and his companions came to welcome him.

When the news of Abu Obaid's arrival reached the Iranians, they sent Shah Hajib's men with four thousand horsemen to meet him.

Abu Obaid ordered them to build a bridge to cross it, Mushani Baw said, O Amir, don't cross this wide river and make yourself and your companions a target for the Iranians. Mohjen Thaqfi, who was his cousin, was appointed as the commander of the cavalry and he stood in the heart of the army. The Iranians attacked and a war broke out. Qays bin Jalib captured the brother of Abu Muhjan and he was also killed, Salit bin Qays Ansari and others

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158- Abu Obeid, the updater of the Messenger of God (ص) He became a Muslim and died in the Battle of Qas Nataf, which is also known as the Battle of Abu Obaid Bridge, in the 13th year of the Hijra and was martyred. Salit is one of the great companions of the Messenger of God and participated in the Battle of Badr. Two cases, R. K, Ibn Atheer- Lion Forest. (M)

159- The name of a place near Kufa on the east coast of the Euphrates.

Akhbar al-Tawwal / translation, p: 145

Some of the Ansar who were with him were also killed, at this time Mushani took the flag in his hand and the Muslims ran away..

Mushani told Urwa bin Zayd al-Khil Ta'i to go to the bridge and stand there and prevent the Iranians from crossing, and Mushani continued to fight and flee and took care of the Muslims until they all crossed, the battle of Abu Obaid Bridge is famous..

Mushani with his Muslims to Thaalbiyyah [160] He reached and camped there and wrote a letter to Umar bin Khattab and sent it with Urwa bin Zaid al-Khil. Umar cried and told Urwa to go back to his companions and tell them to stay where they are and the relief forces will arrive quickly..

This incident happened on a Saturday in the month of Ramadan in the 13th year of Hijra.

Then Omar bin Khattab called the people to move towards Iraq, and they hurriedly prepared to move, he also sent some to the tribes and asked them to provide soldiers, Makhnaf bin Salim Azdi came with seven hundred men from his people, Hossein bin Mabad bin Zarara also came with a group of Bani Tamim, who were about a thousand men, Udi bin Hatim came with a group from the tribe of Tay and Anas bin Hilal with a group from the tribe of Nimr bin Qasit..

And when the number of people increased, Omar Wright closed the command for Jarir bin Abdullah [161]Jarir moved with the people, and when he reached Tha'albiyah, Mushani joined his companions and they moved towards Hiira, and in Deir Hind [162] They camped and sent the riders to loot in Iraq.

The peasants took refuge in the fences and the Iranian nobles gathered near Puran

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160- Foxy: From the houses between Kufa and Makkah after the house of Shaquq, r. Kyaqut, Lexicon of Countries, p 14 c 3 Egypt print 1906 ad. (M)

161- Jarir, forty days before the death of the Messenger of God (ص) He was a very handsome and brave man who became a Muslim, his death in the year 51 or 54 Hijra have written, R. K, Jungle Lion, Ibn Atheer, p 279 c 1- (M)

162- Yaqut mentioned two small and big Dirs of India, which were in the areas of Hirah and near Najaf.. As a dictionary of countries, p 182 c 4. (M)

Akhbar al-Tawwal / translation, p: 146

He ordered twelve thousand of the best riders to be chosen and appointed Mehran, the son of Mehraweh Hamadani, to be their commander, and he moved with the army and came to Hirah, and two groups attacked and attacked each other, and a cry arose like a thunderclap. Mushani, who was on the right side of Jarir's army, attacked in advance of the people, and the people also attacked with him, and dust arose..

Jarir, along with other people, attacked from the left side and the heart of the army, and the Iranians stood stubbornly, the Muslims also ran away, Mushani was holding his beard in his hands and was tearing his hair and shouting, "O Muslims come to me, come to me, I am Mushani, the Muslims gathered around him and he attacked again, his brother Masoud, who was one of the brave Arabs, was walking beside him and Masoud was killed, Mushani shouted, "O group of Muslims, they have been killed, good ones." You are like this, raise your flags, Udi bin Hatim encouraged the people of the left Pahlavi, and Jarir said to the people of Qalb Lashkar, O people of Bajila tribe, don't let anyone overtake you in attacking the enemy, if God of these lands open it, it will be a benefit and position for you that will not be the same for any of the Arabs, therefore, to achieve one of the two virtues (Martyrdom and grace of the hereafter, or benefit of this world) Fight with them.

The Muslims gathered and encouraged each other to fight and the fugitives also returned and prepared under their flags and attacked the Iranians hard and fulfilled their covenant with God, Mehran, the commander of the Iranians, was fighting on his own He pointed out that he was a famous warrior, Mehran was killed and they said that Mushani killed him, and the Iranians fled when they saw Mehran killed, and the Muslims, while Abdullah bin Salim Azdi was moving ahead of them, and Urwa bin Zaid al-Khil from After him, they pursued the Iranians and reached the bridge.

A group of Iranians crossed the bridge and another group was captured by the Muslims.

Akhbar al-Tawwal / translation, p: 147

They returned to their camp.

Urwa, the son of Zaid al-Khil, wrote about this.

” The position of the tribe for Arwa* aroused sorrows and after Abd al-Qais, he replaced the Hamadan tribe. destroyed.

He was so victorious over Mehran's soldiers and his followers that he killed them one by one or two by two..

In Iraq, we have not seen another commander like Mashani, who is from the Shaiban family. This is not a lie, it is the praise of Amir Dalawari, who is brave in battle from the lion of Bisheh Khafan [163] It is braver.” They say that when God destroyed Mehran and the great Iranians, the Muslims were able to attack the land of Iraq, and when the garrisons of the Iranians were disintegrated and their work scattered, the Muslims gained courage and went to the lands between Sora, Kaskar, Sarat, Falalij and the provinces of that region. they attacked. [164] The people of Hayrah told Mushani that there is a village near us where there is a big market that is held once a month and merchants from Iran and Ahvaz and other cities come there, if you can attack that village and Loot the market and you will get valuable property.

He meant the market of Baghdad, and at that time Baghdad was a village where a market was held once a month..

Mushani made his way through the desert to Anbar and the people of that city took refuge in their fences” to sell” The border guard of Anbar sent a message to come to him and allowed him to talk, the border guard crossed the river and came to Mushani, Mushani was alone with him.

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163- slippers: A forest near Kufa where a lion lived, r. K, Sapphire, Dictionary of Countries, p 451 c 3. (M)

164- Scream: The name of the river near Baghdad is Falalij, the singular of which is Fallujah, which means village.

Akhbar al-Tawwal / translation, p: 148

He talked and said that I want to attack the market of Baghdad and I want you to send guides with me to show me the way and also build a bridge for us to cross and cross the Euphrates..

The border guard did so and rebuilt the bridge that he had destroyed so that the Arabs could not cross it, which Mushani and his companions crossed. And the hands of the Muslims and Muthani accumulated wire, gold and other goods, he returned to the warehouse and joined his camp from there..

When the news about Mushani and his victory in the war with Mehran reached Sweid, he wrote a letter to Umar bin Khattab and informed him of the weakness of the area and asked Umar to send a relief force for him and send an army. Umar bin Khattab Utaba bin Ghazwan Mazani [165] who is the ally of Bani Nufal bin Abd Manaf and one of the companions of the Messenger of God (ص) Bode was assigned to the command of two thousand Muslim men, and Ban Sui sent a message and wrote to Sweid to join Bau.

When Utbah left, Umar chased him and said, O Utbah, your Muslim brothers have won over the land of Hira and its surroundings, they have crossed the Euphrates River, and they have trampled the land of Babylon, which is the seat of Harut, Marut, and oppressors. Today, their horsemen are attacking the border of Madain and they have approached the city. I sent you with this army, sing the song of the people of Ahvaz and keep them occupied so that they cannot go to the aid of the Iranians in the Iraqi region and turn them against their brothers. They will help you and you fight them in Abla area.

Utba bin Ghazwan moved and reached the place where Basra is today. At that time, there were only ruined houses and a few bases of Iran's Khosrowan were left there to prevent the Arab invasion..

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165- Utba is one of the pioneers of Muslims and immigrants to Abyssinia and is known as one of the archers. He was appointed the governor of Basra by Umar and made Basra a city and died in the 17th year of Hijra.. K, Ibn Saad, layers c 3 ص 98 Beirut and translated by Anne, by Where is his item. (M)

Akhbar al-Tawwal / translation, p: 149

Utba landed there with his companions and lived in tents and tents, from there he went to the main place of Basra, which was covered with black stones and sand, and that is why it was called Basra, and from there he went to He reached it and forced it open and wrote this for Umar.

But then, God, thanking him, opened Abla for us, and it is the port where the ships of Oman, Bahrain, Persia, India, and China come. I will write it for you. And he sent that letter along with Nafee bin Harith bin Kuldah Thaqfi, and when it reached Umar, the Muslims were happy about it.

When Nafee wanted to return to Omar, he said, "O Commander of the Faithful, I have settled myself in Basra and am engaged in business. Write to Utaba bin Ghazwan to take care of my situation and respect the rights of my neighbors.".

Umar wrote to Utba, Nafi says that he has settled in Basra and wants to build a house for himself there, be kind to his neighbor and recognize his rights..

Utba designated a part of the land of Basra for Nafee, and Nafee is the first person who built a house in Basra, organized it and built a bond..

Then Atba to Mazar [166] God made him victorious over the people of that city, and the border guard of that city was captured by him, who beat his neck and took his clothes. There were pieces of emerald and ruby ​​on his belt, and he sent it to Umar bin Khattab and conquered it. He also wrote a letter and the Muslims gave good news to each other and they gathered around the messenger and asked him about the battle of Basra and he said that the Muslims in that city were drowning in wire and gold and the people had a great desire to go out. They showed it to Basra, and their numbers in that city became many and strong, and Utba attacked the coastal cities of the Euphrates of Basra with them and opened them, and then they moved to the Mishan plain.

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166- It is a city between Wasit and Basra.

Akhbar al-Tawwal / translation, p: 150

He left, the border guard of the Mishan plain came to fight with his soldiers and they fought, the border guard was killed and the Iranians fled and Ataba entered the Mishan plain without any obstacles..

He appointed a man there and he himself went to Abr-Qabad and opened it and returned to his position in Basra and wrote a letter to Umar and informed him that God had opened these cities for him. He sent the letter with Anas bin Sheikh bin Nu'man and a group of tribes. They moved to Basra and the number of people in that city increased.

Then Utba asked Umar for permission to come to him and Umar gave permission, Utba appointed Mughirah bin Sha'bah as his successor and when he wanted to leave Basra, he read a long sermon to the people and at the same time said that he seeks refuge in God. I will leave from thinking myself big and being small in the eyes of people, I will leave, and the strength and power is only God's.. After me, you will test the commanders and you will know.

Hasan Basri said that when Utba said this, we tested the commanders after him and found him superior to them.. [167] Umar also appointed Mughirah as the governor and border guard of Basra and he went with the Muslims to the Mishan plain, the border guard of the plain came to the battle of Mughirah and God gave victory to the Muslims and Mughirah opened those lands with war and wrote the news of conquest and victory to Omar..

Then the story of Mughira's slander and those who accused him came up. [168] And when this news reached Omar Ibn Khattab, he ordered Abu Musa Ash'ari to go to Basra and allocate land for the Arabs who are there, and settle each tribe in a neighborhood, and force the people to build houses for them. A large mosque

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167- According to the bank, Hasan Basri was born in the 21st year of Hijra (Encyclopedia of Islam and information Zarkali) How does he say that since Otba said this, and the fact that Otba died four years before Hasan's birth.

(M)

168- For more information about the scandal of Mugheera bin Sha'ba, which Dinuri did not mention, see. K, Nweiri end of the Lord. c 19 Pages 48/ 345 And translated by a pen, where is its item, Amir Kabir's publications. (M)

Akhbar al-Tawwal / translation, p: 151

that he can perform the Friday prayer in it and send Mugheera bin Sha'bah to him as well.

Abu Musa said, O Commander of the Faithful, send some of the Ansar with me, who are like the Ansar among the people, like salt in food, and Umar sent ten Ansar with him, among whom were Anas bin Malik and Bara bin Malik. [169]Abu Musa went to Basra and sent Mugheera bin Shuba and those who had testified against him to Umar. Umar asked them to testify, but they did not testify openly, and Umar whipped them and ordered Mugheera to return to Basra, and Abu Musa sent them to Umar. Help Moses in his work.

Abu Musa saw Ziyad bin Ubaid, who was a slave of Zarkhrid, one of the people of Thaqif, and he liked his wisdom and manners, and chose him as a teacher..

They say that when the Iranians saw that the Arabs were encroaching on them from all sides and were attacking and looting, they talked to each other and said that our problem is that women rule over us, and they gathered at Yazdgerd, the son of Shahriar, the son of Khosrow Parvez, and he They made him king when he was sixteen years old, but a group of Iranians insisted on supporting the monarchy of Azermidakht, and two groups fought, and Yazdgerd won and Azermidakht was deposed, and when Yazdgerd became king, he called people from all over and provided an army. He made Hormoz's son Rostam to command them, Rostam was a man who had worked hard and had tasted the hot and cold of the times, and he moved towards Qadsiyeh.”

In the next article, I will write the continuation of these pages, which are about the quality of the Qadisiya attack. If God wills, thank you, Hadi Farhang Dost.