Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎠𐏃𐎶
Attested in Old Persian

be

Lemma
ah
Transliteration
a-h-m
Transcription
āham

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Haman-Ava rights

Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for āham; English gloss: be.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎠 a Phonogram
  2. 𐏃 ha Phonogram
  3. 𐎶 ma Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

7 occurrences
DB1. · 14100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃 𐏐 [𐎠]𐎭𐎶𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 𐏐 𐎢𐎺𐎩 [𐏐 𐎲]𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎠/𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎠

: a-u-r-m-z-d-a-h : [a]-d-m-š-a-m : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : a-h-m : p-a-r-s : u-v-j [: b]-a-b-i-ru-u-š : a-/ϑ-u-r-aToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 6100% confidence

𐏐 𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎼𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐏃[𐎶 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎺 𐏐] 𐎫𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏃/𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎠

: y-a-t-a : a-d-m : b-a-b-i-r-u-v : a-h-[m : i-m-a : d-h-y-a-v :] t-y-a : h-c-a-m : h-/mi-i-ç-i-y-aToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 12100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐎺𐎩𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠[𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎫𐎼𐎿 𐏐 𐎢𐎺]𐎪𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡/𐎹𐎶

: a-h-m : a-b-i-y : u-v-j-m : p-s-a-v : h-c-a-[m : a-t-r-s : u-v]-ji-i-y-a : a-v-m : m-r-t-i-/y-mToken span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB3. · 77100% confidence

𐏐 𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿𐎡[𐎹 𐏐] 𐎢<𐎫>𐎠 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎭𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎯𐎢𐎻𐎡𐎫𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐

: y-a-t-a : a-d-m : p-a-r-s-i-[y :] u-<t>-a : m-a-d-i-y : a-h-m : p-t-i-y : du-u-vi-i-t-i-y-m :Token span 12–12 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 63100% confidence

[𐏐] 𐎲𐎥𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡[𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎫𐎡]𐎹 𐏐 𐎹𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎣 𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎶 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎩𐎴 𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎶 𐏐 𐎴/𐎡𐎹

[:] b-g-a-h : t-y-i-[y : h-t-i]-y : y-ϑ-a : n-i-y : a-r-i-k : a-h-m : n-i-y : d-r-u-j-n : a-h-m : n-/i-yToken span 14–14 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 63100% confidence

[𐏐] 𐎲𐎥𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡[𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎫𐎡]𐎹 𐏐 𐎹𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎣 𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎶 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎩𐎴 𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎶 𐏐 𐎴/𐎡𐎹

[:] b-g-a-h : t-y-i-[y : h-t-i]-y : y-ϑ-a : n-i-y : a-r-i-k : a-h-m : n-i-y : d-r-u-j-n : a-h-m : n-/i-yToken span 20–20 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 64100% confidence

𐏐 𐏀𐎢𐎼𐎣𐎼 𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎶 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎫𐎢𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎢𐎱𐎼𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎢𐎱𐎼𐎡𐎹/𐎠[𐎹]𐎶

: z-u-r-k-r : a-h-m : n-i-y : a-d-m : n-i-m-i-y : t-u-m-a : u-p-r-i-y : a-r-š-t-a-m : u-p-r-i-y-/a-[y]-mToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.15.9

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.15.9.View source