Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺𐎶
Attested in Old Persian

earlier

Lemma
paruvam
Transliteration
p-ru-u-v-m
Transcription
paruvam

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

Download audio
Haman-Ava rights

Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system

This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

info@parsiandej.ir

Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Inspect in converter Open converterBack to dictionary
Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for paruvam; English gloss: earlier.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎱 pa Phonogram
  2. 𐎽 ru Phonogram
  3. 𐎢 u Phonogram
  4. 𐎺 va Phonogram
  5. 𐎶 ma Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

11 occurrences
DB1. · 9100% confidence

𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏒𐏒𐏒𐏒 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎢𐎶𐎠𐎹[𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡]𐎹 𐏐 [𐎱]𐎽𐎢𐎺𐎶

: d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : 2-2-2-2 : m-n-a : t-u-m-a-y-[a : t-y-i]-y : [p]-ru-u-v-mToken span 14–14 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB1. · 29100% confidence

𐏐 𐏃[𐎢𐎺] 𐏐 (𐎱𐎽)𐎢𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎡𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎣𐎲𐎢𐎪𐎡𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎼𐎠/𐎫[𐎠

: h-[u-v] : (p-ru)-u-v-m : i-d-a : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : a-h : a-v-h-y-a : k-b-u-ji-i-y-h-y-a : b-r-a-/t-[aToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DBa · 15100% confidence

𐏐 !!! 𐎫𐎢𐎶𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺/𐎶

: !!! t-u-m-a-y-a : t-y-i-y : p-ru-u-v-/mToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DSe · 43100% confidence

𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 [𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐]

: v-s-i-y : t-y : [p-ru-u-v-m : n-i-y :]Token span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DSe · 47100% confidence

𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺𐎶 [𐏐 𐎠𐎣𐎼𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺]/𐎭𐏁

: p-ru-u-v-m [: a-k-r-t-a : h-c-a : a-v]-/d-šToken span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
3.17. · 11-16100% confidence

𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐏃𐎹𐎼𐎠𐎮𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎰𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎶𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎻𐎡𐎹𐎫 𐏐 𐎠𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎶𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐏒𐏒𐏒𐏒 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎢𐎶𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐏒𐏒𐏒𐏒𐏑 𐏐 𐎯𐎢𐎻𐎡𐎫𐎠𐎱𐎼𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎺𐎹𐎶 𐏐

: d-a-r-y-v-u-š : XŠ : a-v-h-y-r-a-di-i-y : v-y-m : h-x-a-m-n-i-š-i-y-a : ϑ-h-y-a-m-h-y : h-c-a : p-ru-u-vi-i-y-t : a-m-a-t-a : a-m-h-y : 2-2-2-2 : m-n-a : t-u-m-a-y-a : t-y-i-y : p-ru-u-v-m : XŠ : a-h : a-d-m : n-v-m : 2-2-2-2-1 : du-u-vi-i-t-a-p-r-n-m : v-y-m :Token span 30–30 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPh · 36100% confidence

𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎭𐎡𐎺𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎹𐎮𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎺/𐏁𐎴𐎠

: p-ru-u-v-m : d-i-v-a : a-y-di-i-y : p-s-a-v : v-/š-n-aToken span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPh · 39100% confidence

𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎹𐎭𐎡𐎹𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎹𐎭𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎭𐎡𐎺𐎠 𐏐

m-a : y-d-i-y-i-š : y-d-a-y-a : p-ru-u-v-m : d-i-v-a :Token span 7–7 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB1. · 6375% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎹𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺𐎶𐎨𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎹𐎭𐎴/𐎠

: a-v-a-s-t-a-y-m : y-ϑ-a : p-ru-u-v-m-c-i-y : a-v-ϑ-a : a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : a-y-d-n-/aToken span 6–6 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
DB1. · 6775% confidence

𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎴𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎹𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺𐎶𐎨𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎠𐎲[𐎼𐎫]/𐎶

: u-t-a : a-n-i-y-a : d-h-y-a-v : y-ϑ-a : p-ru-u-v-m-c-i-y : a-v-ϑ-a : a-d-m : t-y : p-r-a-b-[r-t]-/mToken span 10–10 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
DB1. · 6975% confidence

𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎻𐎰𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎶𐎠𐎧𐎶 𐏐 𐎥𐎠𐎰𐎺𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎹𐎰𐎠 𐏐 [𐎱𐎽]𐎢𐎺𐎶[𐎨𐎡]𐎹 𐏐

y-a-t-a : vi-ϑ-m : t-y-a-m : a-m-a-x-m : g-a-ϑ-v-a : a-v-a-s-t-a-y-m : y-ϑ-a : [p-ru]-u-v-m-[c-i]-y :Token span 15–15 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.10.15

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.10.15.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBa (Q007135) · Q007135.15.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DBa (Q007135), Q007135.15.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSe (Q007171) · Q007171.43.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DSe (Q007171), Q007171.43.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPh (Q007216) · Q007216.36.3

Documented dictionary attestation in XPh (Q007216), Q007216.36.3.View source