Inscription line

Xerxes I, Persepolis (XPh)

XPh · 39

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎹𐎭𐎡𐎹𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎹𐎭𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎭𐎡𐎺𐎠 𐏐
Transliteration: m-a : y-d-i-y-i-š : y-d-a-y-a : p-ru-u-v-m : d-i-v-a :
Transcription: mā : yadiyaiša : Yadāyā : paruvam : daivā :
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 39

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:04

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

not · [y-d-i-y-i-š] · where · earlier · daiva

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 39
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐎶𐎠m-a	mā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for mā; English gloss: not. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
2	𐏐	mā yadiyaiša yadā paruvam dai̯va-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for mā yadiyaiša Yadāyā paruvam daivā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: not · unknown (yadiyaiša) · where · earlier · daiva. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐎹𐎭𐎡𐎹𐎡𐏁y-d-i-y-i-š	mā yadiyaiša yadā paruvam dai̯va-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for mā yadiyaiša Yadāyā paruvam daivā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: not · unknown (yadiyaiša) · where · earlier · daiva. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
4	𐏐	mā yadiyaiša yadā paruvam dai̯va-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for mā yadiyaiša Yadāyā paruvam daivā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: not · unknown (yadiyaiša) · where · earlier · daiva. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐎹𐎭𐎠𐎹𐎠y-d-a-y-a	mā yadiyaiša yadā paruvam dai̯va-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for mā yadiyaiša Yadāyā paruvam daivā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: not · unknown (yadiyaiša) · where · earlier · daiva. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
6	𐏐	mā yadiyaiša yadā paruvam dai̯va-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for mā yadiyaiša Yadāyā paruvam daivā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: not · unknown (yadiyaiša) · where · earlier · daiva. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺𐎶p-ru-u-v-m	mā yadiyaiša yadā paruvam dai̯va-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for mā yadiyaiša Yadāyā paruvam daivā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: not · unknown (yadiyaiša) · where · earlier · daiva. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
8	𐏐	mā yadiyaiša yadā paruvam dai̯va-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for mā yadiyaiša Yadāyā paruvam daivā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: not · unknown (yadiyaiša) · where · earlier · daiva. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐎭𐎡𐎺𐎠d-i-v-a	mā yadiyaiša yadā paruvam dai̯va-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for mā yadiyaiša Yadāyā paruvam daivā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: not · unknown (yadiyaiša) · where · earlier · daiva. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
10	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

XPh 39

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

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TITUS Old Persian corpus

This tool is developed by Persian Dej and uses Old Persian linguistic data available in the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, affiliated with the TITUS Project at Goethe University Frankfurt, as one of its scholarly and linguistic sources.

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