Darius I, Naqsh-e Rostam (DNa)
DNaDarius I, Naqsh-e Rostam (DNa) is a published Old Persian inscription record in the authorized TITUS corpus snapshot. The siglum DNa identifies this exact text record.
Machine-generated and unreviewedVerified catalog identification
Identifiers and diplomatic text layers are retained from the authorized corpus snapshot.
Machine-generated and unreviewed- Ruler
- Darius I Machine-generated and unreviewed
- Place
- Naqsh-e Rostam Machine-generated and unreviewed
- Date / period
- Achaemenid period, 522–486 BCE Machine-generated and unreviewed
- Lines
- 60
Full inscription reading
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Published lines
60 lines
Line 1 𐎲𐎥 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎡𐎶/𐎠𐎶
b-g : v-z-r-k : a-u-r-m-z-d-a : h-y : i-m-/a-m
Machine-generated and unreviewedgod · great · Ahuramazdā · who · this (here)
Audio reading of line 1
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 2 𐏐 𐎲𐎢𐎷𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎿𐎶/𐎠𐎴𐎶
: b-u-mi-i-m : a-d-a : h-y : a-v-m : a-s-m-/a-n-m
Machine-generated and unreviewedearth · make · who · that one · sky
Audio reading of line 2
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 3 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐏃/𐎹
: a-d-a : h-y : m-r-t-i-y-m : a-d-a : h-/y
Machine-generated and unreviewedmake · who · man · make · who
Audio reading of line 3
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 4 𐏐 𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠
: š-i-y-a-t-i-m : a-d-a : m-r-t-i-y-h-y-a
Machine-generated and unreviewedhappiness · make · man
Audio reading of line 4
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 5 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤/𐎢𐎴𐎢𐏁
: h-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-m : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y-m : a-ku-/u-n-u-š
Machine-generated and unreviewedwho · Darius I, king of Persia · king · do
Audio reading of line 5
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 6 𐏐 𐎠𐎡𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰/𐎡𐎹𐎶
: a-i-v-m : p-ru-u-v-n-a-m : x-š-a-y-ϑ-/i-y-m
Machine-generated and unreviewedone · much · king
Audio reading of line 6
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 7 𐏐 𐎠𐎡𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎠/𐎼𐎶
: a-i-v-m : p-ru-u-v-n-a-m : f-r-m-a-t-a-/r-m
Machine-generated and unreviewedone · much · lord
Audio reading of line 7
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 8 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺/𐏀𐎼𐎣
: a-d-m : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : v-/z-r-k
Machine-generated and unreviewedI · Darius · king · great
Audio reading of line 8
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 9 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶
: x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y-a-n-a-m
Machine-generated and unreviewedking · king
Audio reading of line 9
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 10 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐎿𐎱𐏀𐎴𐎠/𐎴𐎠𐎶
: x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : d-h-y-u-n-a-m : vi-i-s-p-z-n-a-/n-a-m
Machine-generated and unreviewedking · land · with all peoples
Audio reading of line 10
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 11 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎢𐎷𐎡/𐎹𐎠
: x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : a-h-y-a-y-a : b-u-mi-i-/y-a
Machine-generated and unreviewedking · this (here) · earth
Audio reading of line 11
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 12 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎯𐎢𐎼𐎡<𐎹 𐏐> 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿/𐎱𐏃𐎹𐎠
: v-z-r-k-a-y-a : du-u-r-i-<y :> a-p-i-y : vi-i-š-t-a-s-/p-h-y-a
Machine-generated and unreviewedgreat · far · also · Hystaspes, father of Darius I
Audio reading of line 12
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 13 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 𐏐 𐎱/𐎠𐎼𐎿𐏃𐎹𐎠
: p-u-ç : h-x-a-m-n-i-š-i-y : p-a-r-s : p-/a-r-s-h-y-a
Machine-generated and unreviewedson · Achaemenid · Persia; Persian · Persian
Audio reading of line 13
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 14 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎨𐎡/𐏂
: p-u-ç : a-r-i-y : a-r-i-y : c-i-/ç
Machine-generated and unreviewedson · Aryan; Iranian · Aryan; Iranian · [c-i-/ç]
Audio reading of line 14
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 15 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁[𐎠]𐎹/𐎰𐎡𐎹
: ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-[a]-y-/ϑ-i-y
Machine-generated and unreviewedsay · Darius · king
Audio reading of line 15
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
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This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
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Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 16 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃𐎠 𐏐 𐎡𐎶[𐎠 𐏐]
: v-š-n-a : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-h-a : i-m-[a :]
Machine-generated and unreviewedwill · Ahuramazdā · this (here) · []]
Audio reading of line 16
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 17 Editorial restoration𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎥𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹[𐎶 𐏐]
d-h-y-a-v : t-y-a : a-d-m : a-g-r-b-a-y-[m :]
Machine-generated and unreviewedland · who · I · seize · []]
Audio reading of line 17
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 18 Editorial restoration𐎠𐎱𐎫𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶𐏁𐎠[𐎶 𐏐]
a-p-t-r-m : h-c-a : p-a-r-s-a : a-d-m-š-a-[m :]
Machine-generated and unreviewedfurther away · from · Persia · I · []]
Audio reading of line 18
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 19 Editorial restoration𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎹𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎪𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎲[𐎼]/𐏃
p-t-i-y-x-š-y-i-y : m-n-a : b-a-ji-i-m : a-b-[r]-/h
Machine-generated and unreviewedrule · me, mine · tribute · carry
Audio reading of line 19
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 20 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺 𐏐 [𐎠]/𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺
: t-y-š-a-m : h-c-a-m : a-ϑ-h-y : a-v : [a]-/ku-u-n-v
Machine-generated and unreviewedwho · from · speak · that one · do
Audio reading of line 20
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 21 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎮𐎡[𐏁 𐏐]
: d-a-t-m : t-y : m-n-a : a-v-di-i-[š :]
Machine-generated and unreviewedlaw · so that · me, mine · that one · []]
Audio reading of line 21
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 22 Editorial restoration𐎠𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎭 𐏐 𐎢𐎺𐎩 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 𐏐 𐏃𐎼[𐎡]/𐎺
a-d-a-r-i-y : m-a-d : u-v-j : p-r-ϑ-v : h-r-[i]-/v
Machine-generated and unreviewedhold · Mede · Elam · Parthia · Ariana
Audio reading of line 22
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 23 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎧𐎫𐎼𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎿𐎢𐎦𐎢𐎭 𐏐 𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀[𐎷]/𐎡𐏁
: b-a-x-t-r-i-š : s-u-gu-u-d : u-v-a-r-z-[mi]-/i-š
Machine-generated and unreviewedBactria · Sogdiana · Chorasmia
Audio reading of line 23
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 24 𐏐 𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐 𐏃𐎼𐎢𐎺𐎫𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎰𐎫𐎦𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎥/𐎭𐎠𐎼
: z-r-k : h-r-u-v-t-i-š : ϑ-t-gu-u-š : g-/d-a-r
Machine-generated and unreviewedDrangiana · Arachosia · Sattagydia · Gandhara
Audio reading of line 24
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 25 𐏐 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎶𐎺𐎼𐎥𐎠 𐏐 𐎿/𐎣𐎠
: h-i-du-u-š : s-k-a : h-u-m-v-r-g-a : s-/k-a
Machine-generated and unreviewedIndia · Scythian · Amyrgian · Scythian
Audio reading of line 25
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 26 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢[𐏁 𐏐] 𐎠/𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎠
: t-i-g-r-x-u-d-a : b-a-b-i-ru-u-[š :] a-/ϑ-u-r-a
Machine-generated and unreviewedwith pointed hats · Babylonia · Assyria
Audio reading of line 26
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 27 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎸𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎷[𐎡𐎴]
: a-r-b-a-y : mu-u-d-r-a-y : a-r-mi-[i-n]
Machine-generated and unreviewedArabia · Egypt · Armenia
Audio reading of line 27
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 28 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎣𐎫𐎱𐎬𐎢𐎣 𐏐 𐎿𐎱𐎼𐎭 𐏐 𐎹𐎢𐎴 𐏐 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡[𐎹 𐏐 𐎱]/𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹
: k-t-p-tu-u-k : s-p-r-d : y-u-n : s-k-a : t-y-i-[y : p]-/r-d-r-y
Machine-generated and unreviewedCappadocia · Lydia · Ionian · Scythian · who · beyond the sea
Audio reading of line 28
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 29 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎿𐎤𐎢𐎭𐎼 𐏐 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎣𐎲𐎼𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐎫[𐎠]𐎹/𐎠
: s-ku-u-d-r : y-u-n-a : t-k-b-r-a : p-u-t-[a]-y-/a
Machine-generated and unreviewedThrace · Ionia · shield-bearing · Libyan
Audio reading of line 29
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 30 𐏐 𐎤𐎢𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎶𐎨𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭/𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁
: ku-u-š-i-y-a : m-c-i-y-a : k-r-k-a : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-/a-r-y-v-u-š
Machine-generated and unreviewedKushite · Makian · Carian · say · Darius
Audio reading of line 30
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 31 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠 [𐏐 𐎹]𐎰/𐎠
: x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : a-u-r-m-z-d-a [: y]-ϑ-/a
Machine-generated and unreviewedking · Ahuramazdā · as
Audio reading of line 31
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 32 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎡𐎴 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎲𐎢𐎷𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎹𐎢[𐎭𐎫𐎡𐎶 𐏐]
: a-v-i-n : i-m-a-m : b-u-mi-i-m : y-u-[d-t-i-m :]
Machine-generated and unreviewedsee · this (here) · earth · be in turmoil · []]
Audio reading of line 32
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 33 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺𐎮𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎲𐎼 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎶 [𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠/𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹𐎶
p-s-a-v-di-i-m : m-n-a : f-r-a-b-r : m-a-m [: x-š-a-/y-ϑ-i-y-m
Machine-generated and unreviewedafter · me, mine · grant · me, mine · king
Audio reading of line 33
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 34 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠[𐎹𐎰]𐎡𐎹
: a-ku-u-n-u-š : a-d-m : x-š-a-[y-ϑ]-i-y
Machine-generated and unrevieweddo · I · king
Audio reading of line 34
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 35 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎠𐎷𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃[𐎠] 𐏐 𐎠/𐎭𐎶𐏁𐎡𐎶
: a-mi-i-y : v-š-n-a : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-h-[a] : a-/d-m-š-i-m
Machine-generated and unreviewedbe · will · Ahuramazdā · I
Audio reading of line 35
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 36 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎥𐎠𐎰𐎺𐎠 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹𐏁𐎠𐎭𐎹𐎶 [𐏐 𐎫𐎹]𐏁𐎠/𐎶
: g-a-ϑ-v-a : n-i-y-š-a-d-y-m [: t-y]-š-a-/m
Machine-generated and unreviewedthrone stand · set · who
Audio reading of line 36
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 37 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐏃𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺 𐏐 𐎹[𐎰𐎠 𐏐] 𐎶𐎠𐎶 𐏐
: a-d-m : a-ϑ-h-m : a-v : a-ku-u-n-v : y-[ϑ-a :] m-a-m :
Machine-generated and unreviewedI · speak · that one · do · as · me, mine
Audio reading of line 37
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 38 Editorial restoration𐎣𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎹𐎮𐎡𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎡𐎹[𐎠𐏃𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎫]/𐎹
k-a-m : a-h : y-di-i-p-t-i-y : m-n-i-y-[a-h-i-y : t]-/y
Machine-generated and unreviewedwish · be · if · think · so that
Audio reading of line 38
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 39 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎨𐎡𐎹𐎣𐎼𐎶 𐏐 [𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠]𐎺𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎺
: c-i-y-k-r-m : [a-h : a]-v-a : d-h-y-a-v
Machine-generated and unreviewedhow much, of what kind · be · that one · land
Audio reading of line 39
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 40 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹[𐎺]𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹[𐎰]𐎡𐎹
: t-y-a : d-a-r-y-[v]-u-š : x-š-a-y-[ϑ]-i-y
Machine-generated and unreviewedwho · Darius · king
Audio reading of line 40
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.